Abstract
In the present study, the role of sulphur (K2SO4: S; 60 mg S kg־1 sand) and/or calcium (CaCl2: Ca; 250 mg Ca kg־1 sand) applied alone as well as in combination on growth, photosynthetic performance, indices of chlorophyll a fluorescence and nitrogen metabolism of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) seedlings in absence or presence of arsenic (Na2HAsO4.7H2O: As1; 15 mg As kg־1 sand and As2; 30 mg As kg־1 sand) stress. Arsenic with its rising concentration negatively affected the fresh weight, root/shoot ratio, leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic oxygen yield and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters: the O—J, J—I and I—P rise, QA⁻ reoxidation kinetics i.e. ФP0 or Phi_P0, Ψ0 or Psi_0, ФE0 and PIABS, while increased the energy flux parameters i.e. ABS/RC, TR0/RC, ET0/RC and DI0/RC due to higher As/S and As/Ca ratio in root followed by shoot; however, exogenous application of S and Ca and their combined effect too, notably counteracted on As induced toxicity on growth and other important growth regulating processes. Moreover, inorganic nitrogen contents i.e. nitrate and nitrite and the activities of nitrate assimilating enzymes viz., nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR) and ammonia assimilating enzymes viz., glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) were severely affected with As toxicity; while under similar condition, ammonium content and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity in both root and leaves showed reverse trend. Furthermore, when S and Ca applied either alone or in combination to As stressed test seedlings, a significant amelioration in the above mentioned parameters was noticed except in NH4+ content and GDH activity, which showed an obvious reduction under similar conditions. These findings point out that exogenous application of S and/or Ca particularly S+Ca more favourably regulated the photosynthesis, contents of protein, carbohydrate, inorganic nitrogen and activities of nitrate and ammonia assimilating enzymes, which might be linked with the mitigation of As stress. Our results suggest that exogenous application of S+Ca more efficiently defends Brassica seedlings by declining As accumulation in root and shoot tissues and by maintaining the photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism as well.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing arsenic reduced growth, photosynthetic pigments, oxygen yield and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in mustard seedlings.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea L.
Brassica junceat0 - Treatment
- Arsenice0
- Outcome
- fresh weight, root/shoot ratio, leaf areae0
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea L. Seedlings”
e0“Arsenic with its rising concentration negatively affected the fresh weight, root/shoot ratio, leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic oxygen yield and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters: the O—J, J—I and I—P rise, QA⁻ reoxidation kinetics i.e. ФP0 or Phi_P0, Ψ0 or Psi_0, ФE0 and PIABS”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing arsenic increased energy flux parameters in mustard seedlings.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea L.Brassica junceat0
- Outcome
- energy flux parameterse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea L. Seedlings”
e0“while increased the energy flux parameters i.e. ABS/RC, TR0/RC, ET0/RC and DI0/RC”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur and calcium, alone or together, counteracted arsenic toxicity affecting seedling growth and related processes.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea L.Brassica junceat0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of S and Cae0
- Outcome
- As induced toxicity on growthe0
- Direction
- counteractede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea L. Seedlings”
e0“exogenous application of S and Ca and their combined effect too, notably counteracted on As induced toxicity on growth and other important growth regulating processes”
Claim · model-written summary
Arsenic toxicity severely affected nitrate, nitrite and nitrogen assimilation enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea L.Brassica junceat0
- Treatment
- As toxicitye0
- Outcome
- inorganic nitrogen contents i.e. nitrate and nitritee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea L. Seedlings”
e0“inorganic nitrogen contents i.e. nitrate and nitrite and the activities of nitrate assimilating enzymes viz., nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR) and ammonia assimilating enzymes viz., glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) were severely affected with As toxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
Under arsenic toxicity, ammonium content and glutamate dehydrogenase activity showed the reverse trend to other nitrogen measures.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea L.Brassica junceat0
- Organ / stage
- root and leavese0
- Outcome
- ammonium content and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea L. Seedlings”
e0“ammonium content and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity in both root and leaves showed reverse trend”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur and calcium ameliorated arsenic affected parameters, except ammonium and GDH activity, which declined.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea L.Brassica junceat0
- Treatment
- S and Ca applied either alone or in combinatione0
- Outcome
- above mentioned parameterse0
- Direction
- amelioratione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea L. Seedlings”
e0“when S and Ca applied either alone or in combination to As stressed test seedlings, a significant amelioration in the above mentioned parameters was noticed”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur plus calcium more favorably regulated photosynthesis, protein, carbohydrate, inorganic nitrogen and nitrogen assimilation enzymes.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea L.Brassica junceat0
- Treatment
- S+Cae0
- Outcome
- photosynthesis, contents of protein, carbohydrate, inorganic nitrogene0
- Direction
- more favourablye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea L. Seedlings”
e0“S+Ca more favourably regulated the photosynthesis, contents of protein, carbohydrate, inorganic nitrogen and activities of nitrate and ammonia assimilating enzymes”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur plus calcium decreased arsenic accumulation in root and shoot tissues.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea L.Brassica junceat0
- Organ / stage
- root and shoot tissuese0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of S+Cae0
- Outcome
- As accumulatione0
- Direction
- declininge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea L. Seedlings”
e0“exogenous application of S+Ca more efficiently defends Brassica seedlings by declining As accumulation in root and shoot tissues”
The same questions in other papers
calcium atom · physiology: photosynthesis · Brassica juncea (Indian mustard)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
calcium atom · nutrient: content · Brassica juncea (Indian mustard)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
arsenic atom · growth · Brassica juncea (Indian mustard)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
heavy metal · nutrient: content · Brassica juncea (Indian mustard)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.