Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) play an essential role in plant growth, and BRI1-EMS suppressor 1 (BES1)/brassinazole-resistant 1 (BZR1) family transcription factors integrate a variety of plant signaling pathways. Despite the fact that BRs inhibit nodulation in leguminous plants, how BRs modulate rhizobia-host interactions and nodule morphogenesis is unknown. Here, we show that GmBEHL1, a soybean homolog of Arabidopsis BES1/BZR1 homolog 1 (BEH1), is an interacting partner of Nodule Number Control 1, a transcriptional repressor that mediates soybean nodulation. GmBEHL1 was highly expressed at the basal parts of emerging nodules, and its expression gradually expanded during nodule maturation. The overexpression and downregulation of GmBEHL1 inhibited and enhanced the number of nodules, respectively, in soybean. Intriguingly, alterations in GmBEHL1 expression repressed the expression of genes in the BR biosynthesis pathway, including homologs of Arabidopsis Constitutive Photomorphogenesis and Dwarf and Dwarf 4. We also detected an interaction between GmBEHL1 and GmBIN2, a putative BR-insensitive 2 (BIN2) homolog, in soybean. Moreover, BR treatment reduced the number, but increased the size, of soybean nodules. Our results reveal GmBEHL1 to be a potent gene that integrates BR signaling with nodulation signaling pathways to regulate symbiotic nodulation.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
GmBEHL1 interacts with Nodule Number Control 1.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Gene
- GmBEHL1e0
- Outcome
- interacting partner of Nodule Number Control 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GmBEHL1, a soybean homolog of Arabidopsis BES1/BZR1 homolog 1 (BEH1), is an interacting partner of Nodule Number Control 1”
Claim · model-written summary
GmBEHL1 expression is high at emerging nodule bases and expands during maturation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- emerging nodulese0
- Gene
- GmBEHL1e0
- Outcome
- expression gradually expanded during nodule maturatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GmBEHL1 was highly expressed at the basal parts of emerging nodules, and its expression gradually expanded during nodule maturation.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
GmBEHL1 overexpression inhibits soybean nodule number.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- overexpressione0
- Gene
- GmBEHL1e0
- Outcome
- number of nodulese0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The overexpression and downregulation of GmBEHL1 inhibited and enhanced the number of nodules, respectively, in soybean.”
Claim · model-written summary
GmBEHL1 downregulation enhances soybean nodule number.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- downregulatione0
- Gene
- GmBEHL1e0
- Outcome
- number of nodulese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The overexpression and downregulation of GmBEHL1 inhibited and enhanced the number of nodules, respectively, in soybean.”
Claim · model-written summary
Altered GmBEHL1 expression represses brassinosteroid biosynthesis gene expression.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- alterations in GmBEHL1 expressione0
- Gene
- GmBEHL1e0
- Outcome
- expression of genes in the BR biosynthesis pathwaye0
- Direction
- repressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alterations in GmBEHL1 expression repressed the expression of genes in the BR biosynthesis pathway, including homologs of Arabidopsis Constitutive Photomorphogenesis and Dwarf and Dwarf 4.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
GmBEHL1 interacts with GmBIN2 in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Gene
- GmBEHL1e0
- Outcome
- interaction between GmBEHL1 and GmBIN2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We also detected an interaction between GmBEHL1 and GmBIN2, a putative BR-insensitive 2 (BIN2) homolog, in soybean.”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassinosteroid treatment reduces soybean nodule number.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- BR treatmente0
- Outcome
- numbere0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BR treatment reduced the number, but increased the size, of soybean nodules.”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassinosteroid treatment increases soybean nodule size.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- BR treatmente0
- Outcome
- sizee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BR treatment reduced the number, but increased the size, of soybean nodules.”
Claim · model-written summary
GmBEHL1 integrates brassinosteroid and nodulation signaling to regulate symbiotic nodulation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Gene
- GmBEHL1e0
- Outcome
- symbiotic nodulatione0
- Qualifier
- integrates BR signaling with nodulation signaling pathwayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GmBEHL1 to be a potent gene that integrates BR signaling with nodulation signaling pathways to regulate symbiotic nodulation.”
t0“soybean”
The same questions in other papers
brassinolide · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
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- no effect
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See all 6 papers →loss of function · symbiosis · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
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- negative
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See all 31 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.