Abstract
Chocolate spot is one of the most important diseases affecting faba bean in Egypt.The field experiment was conducted for two cropping seasons with the objective of evaluating the efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum and five antioxidant agents, i.e.Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, VitaMax Plus against Chocolate spot disease incidence and severity under field conditions.Field study was performed during two successive growing seasons (2015/2016 and 2016/2017) using the bioagent T. harzianum and antioxidants individually or in combinations.All treatments were applied as faba bean foliar spray three times with 15 days interval starting at the beginning of flowering stage.Percentages of disease incidence and severity were measured for each growing season and their mean was calculated.Results showed that all applied treatments could reduce chocolate spot disease incidence at a range of 66.6 to 92.2% compared to the fungicide Diathane M45 (39.0%).Meanwhile, disease severity followed similar trend.It was reduced by a range of 38.7 up to 75.1% and 20.9% relatively to control at applied treatments of antioxidants individually or combined with T. harzianum and the fungicide, respectively.Combined treatments showed that when T. harzianum combined with either one or all of the used antioxidants, they had superior effect for reducing disease incidence and severity on faba bean plants compared to fungicide and the control.Meanwhile, all of the antioxidants in combination showed lesser suppression effect on disease incidence and severity than individual treatment.The present findings demonstrate that bio-agent T. harzianum integrated with antioxidant as foliar spray treatment can be recommended for the future use in a commercial scale for effective management of Chocolate spot on faba bean.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
All applied treatments reduced chocolate spot incidence by 66.6 to 92.2% compared with the fungicide Diathane M45.
- Taxon
- faba bean
Vicia fabae1 - Treatment
- applied treatmentse0
- Outcome
- chocolate spot disease incidencee0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Value
- 66.6 to 92.2%e0
- Qualifier
- 39.0%e0
- Comparator
- fungicide Diathane M45e0
- Setting
- under natural field infectiont0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“faba bean chocolate spot incidence under natural field infection”
e0“all applied treatments could reduce chocolate spot disease incidence at a range of 66.6 to 92.2% compared to the fungicide Diathane M45 (39.0%)”
e1“Chocolate spot is one of the most important diseases affecting faba bean in Egypt”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidants individually or combined with T. harzianum reduced chocolate spot severity by 38.7 to 75.1% relative to control.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae2
- Treatment
- antioxidants individually or combined with T. harzianume0
- Interactor
- T. harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- disease severitye1
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 38.7 up to 75.1%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was reduced by a range of 38.7 up to 75.1% and 20.9% relatively to control at applied treatments of antioxidants individually or combined with T. harzianum and the fungicide, respectively”
e1“Meanwhile, disease severity followed similar trend”
e2“Chocolate spot is one of the most important diseases affecting faba bean in Egypt”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungicide reduced chocolate spot severity by 20.9% relative to control.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae2
- Treatment
- the fungicidee0
- Outcome
- disease severitye1
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 20.9%e0
- Qualifier
- respectivelye0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was reduced by a range of 38.7 up to 75.1% and 20.9% relatively to control at applied treatments of antioxidants individually or combined with T. harzianum and the fungicide, respectively”
e1“Meanwhile, disease severity followed similar trend”
e2“Chocolate spot is one of the most important diseases affecting faba bean in Egypt”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma harzianum combined with one or all antioxidants had a superior effect on chocolate spot incidence and severity compared with the fungicide and control.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- T. harzianum combined with either one or all of the used antioxidantse0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease incidence and severitye0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- fungicide and the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“faba bean chocolate spot incidence under natural field infection”
e0“Combined treatments showed that when T. harzianum combined with either one or all of the used antioxidants, they had superior effect for reducing disease incidence and severity on faba bean plants compared to fungicide and the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidants in combination suppressed chocolate spot less than individual antioxidant treatments.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- all of the antioxidants in combinatione0
- Outcome
- suppression effect on disease incidence and severitye0
- Direction
- lessere0
- Comparator
- individual treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“faba bean chocolate spot incidence under natural field infection”
e0“all of the antioxidants in combination showed lesser suppression effect on disease incidence and severity than individual treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend foliar spraying T. harzianum with antioxidants for effective management of chocolate spot in faba bean on a commercial scale.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Outcome
- effective management of Chocolate spote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“faba bean chocolate spot incidence under natural field infection”
e0“bio-agent T. harzianum integrated with antioxidant as foliar spray treatment can be recommended for the future use in a commercial scale for effective management of Chocolate spot on faba bean”
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See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.