Abstract
Core Ideas Subsoil tillage (∼30 cm) reduced compaction and increased moisture and N availability on Mollisols. Subsoiling increased the vertical and horizontal distribution of maize roots between rows rather than in row. Grain and dry matter yield were 6.3 and 3.7% greater under subsoiling than conventional tillage. Subsoiling increased maize yield due to improved soil conditions and roots distribution. Soil compaction creates unfavorable soil physical and nutrient conditions, restrains root penetration and distribution, and reduces crop yield. A field experiment was established to assess the effects of tillage treatments on soil properties, root distribution, and grain yield of maize ( Zea mays L.) on some Mollisols of Northeastern China. The two treatments included in rotary tillage (RT) and subsoiling tillage (ST). The results showed that soil bulk density, penetration resistance, soil moisture, available nitrogen content, root distribution of maize, and grain yield were significantly affected by tillage systems. Compared with RT, ST had lower soil bulk density and penetration resistance, but greater soil moisture and available nitrogen contents, especially in subsoil layer (i.e., 15‐ to 45‐ cm). The ST practice significantly increased the average root length density by 13.0% than that of RT mainly due to better vertical and horizontal distribution between the rows. Average grain yield and dry matter weight of maize increased by 693 kg ha −1 (6.3%) and 933 kg ha −1 (3.7%), respectively, under ST compared with those under RT. These data show that subsoiling tillage can loosen the soil, fracture the plow pan, increase the availability and infiltration of soil moisture and nitrogen in subsoil layers, improve the vertical and horizontal extension of maize root system in the soil, and increase grain yield on Mollisols of Northeastern China.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Subsoiling tillage had lower soil bulk density than rotary tillage in maize fields
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Root Distribution”
e1“Compared with RT, ST had lower soil bulk density and penetration resistance, but greater soil moisture and available nitrogen contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Subsoiling tillage had greater soil moisture and available nitrogen contents than rotary tillage in maize fields
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Root Distribution”
e1“Compared with RT, ST had lower soil bulk density and penetration resistance, but greater soil moisture and available nitrogen contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Subsoiling tillage increased average maize root length density by 13.0% relative to rotary tillage
- Treatment
- ST practicee2
- Outcome
- average root length densitye2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 13.0%e2
- Comparator
- RTe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Root Distribution”
e2“The ST practice significantly increased the average root length density by 13.0% than that of RT”
Claim · model-written summary
Subsoiling tillage increased maize grain yield by 693 kg ha −1 (6.3%) relative to rotary tillage
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Root Distribution”
e3“Average grain yield and dry matter weight of maize increased by 693 kg ha −1 (6.3%) and 933 kg ha −1 (3.7%)”
e4“under ST compared with those under RT”
Claim · model-written summary
Subsoiling tillage increased maize dry matter weight by 933 kg ha −1 (3.7%) relative to rotary tillage
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Root Distribution”
e3“Average grain yield and dry matter weight of maize increased by 693 kg ha −1 (6.3%) and 933 kg ha −1 (3.7%)”
e4“under ST compared with those under RT”
Claim · model-written summary
Subsoiling increases maize yield through improved soil conditions and root distribution
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Root Distribution”
e5“Subsoiling increased maize yield due to improved soil conditions and roots distribution”
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