Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Vijayapur, UAS, Dharwad during rabi-2015 to assess the phytotoxicity of different pesticides in rabi sorghum. Totally 15 pesticides were evaluated consisting of 13 insecticides, 1 acaricide (spiromesifen), and 1 botonical (NSKE) along with control (water spray) at 3 dosages i.e., recommended, two times the recommended and four times the recommended dosage. The pesticides were applied at seedling (20 DAS), vegetative (60 DAS) and reproductive (90 DAS) stages of the crop growth. Observation on different phytotoxic symptoms like chlorosis, white blotches and bronzing type of symptoms were recorded based on percentage leaf damage by visual score (1-10) and later the per cent phytotoxicity was calculated. The highest mean per cent phytotoxicity index was recorded in the profenophos 50 EC @ 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 ml/litre treated plots (20.2, 44.1 and 56.1 PPI) at seedling, vegetative and reproductive stage of crop growth, respectively and was followed by spiromesifen 240 SC treated plots. Other treatments such as malathion 50 EC, methomyl 40 SP, chlorphyriphos 20 EC, cypermethrin 10 EC, alphamethrin 10 EC, imidacloprid 17. 8 SL treated plots produced the phytotoxic symptoms to a various level. Acephate 75 SP, fipronil 5 SC, carbofuron 3G, Phorate 10 G, chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC, emamectin benzoate 0.5 SG and NSKE were found safe to the sorghum crop at recommended, two times the recommended and four times the recommended dosage of pesticides tested. The grain yield was inversely correlated with the per cent phytotoxicity index.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Profenophos 50 EC gave the highest phytotoxicity index of 20.2 at the seedling stage of rabi sorghum.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Phytotoxicity of pesticides on grain yield of Rabi sorghum”
e1“The highest mean per cent phytotoxicity index was recorded in the profenophos 50 EC @ 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 ml/litre treated plots (20.2, 44.1 and 56.1 PPI) at seedling, vegetative and reproductive stage of crop growth, respectively”
e2“along with control (water spray)”
Claim · model-written summary
Profenophos 50 EC gave the highest phytotoxicity index of 44.1 at the vegetative stage of rabi sorghum.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Phytotoxicity of pesticides on grain yield of Rabi sorghum”
e1“The highest mean per cent phytotoxicity index was recorded in the profenophos 50 EC @ 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 ml/litre treated plots (20.2, 44.1 and 56.1 PPI) at seedling, vegetative and reproductive stage of crop growth, respectively”
e2“along with control (water spray)”
Claim · model-written summary
Profenophos 50 EC gave the highest phytotoxicity index of 56.1 at the reproductive stage of rabi sorghum.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Phytotoxicity of pesticides on grain yield of Rabi sorghum”
e1“The highest mean per cent phytotoxicity index was recorded in the profenophos 50 EC @ 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 ml/litre treated plots (20.2, 44.1 and 56.1 PPI) at seedling, vegetative and reproductive stage of crop growth, respectively”
e2“along with control (water spray)”
Claim · model-written summary
Spiromesifen 240 SC followed profenophos 50 EC in phytotoxicity index on rabi sorghum.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Phytotoxicity of pesticides on grain yield of Rabi sorghum”
e1“The highest mean per cent phytotoxicity index was recorded in the profenophos 50 EC @ 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 ml/litre treated plots (20.2, 44.1 and 56.1 PPI) at seedling, vegetative and reproductive stage of crop growth, respectively”
e5“was followed by spiromesifen 240 SC treated plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Malathion 50 EC produced phytotoxic symptoms on rabi sorghum to a various level.
- Taxon
- Rabi sorghumt0
- Treatment
- malathion 50 ECe6
- Outcome
- phytotoxic symptomse6
- Qualifier
- to a various levele6
- Comparator
- control (water spray)e2
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Phytotoxicity of pesticides on grain yield of Rabi sorghum”
e6“Other treatments such as malathion 50 EC, methomyl 40 SP, chlorphyriphos 20 EC, cypermethrin 10 EC, alphamethrin 10 EC, imidacloprid 17. 8 SL treated plots produced the phytotoxic symptoms to a various level”
e2“along with control (water spray)”
Claim · model-written summary
Methomyl 40 SP produced phytotoxic symptoms on rabi sorghum to a various level.
- Taxon
- Rabi sorghumt0
- Treatment
- methomyl 40 SPe6
- Outcome
- phytotoxic symptomse6
- Qualifier
- to a various levele6
- Comparator
- control (water spray)e2
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Phytotoxicity of pesticides on grain yield of Rabi sorghum”
e6“Other treatments such as malathion 50 EC, methomyl 40 SP, chlorphyriphos 20 EC, cypermethrin 10 EC, alphamethrin 10 EC, imidacloprid 17. 8 SL treated plots produced the phytotoxic symptoms to a various level”
e2“along with control (water spray)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorphyriphos 20 EC produced phytotoxic symptoms on rabi sorghum to a various level.
- Taxon
- Rabi sorghumt0
- Treatment
- chlorphyriphos 20 ECe6
- Outcome
- phytotoxic symptomse6
- Qualifier
- to a various levele6
- Comparator
- control (water spray)e2
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Phytotoxicity of pesticides on grain yield of Rabi sorghum”
e6“Other treatments such as malathion 50 EC, methomyl 40 SP, chlorphyriphos 20 EC, cypermethrin 10 EC, alphamethrin 10 EC, imidacloprid 17. 8 SL treated plots produced the phytotoxic symptoms to a various level”
e2“along with control (water spray)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cypermethrin 10 EC produced phytotoxic symptoms on rabi sorghum to a various level.
- Taxon
- Rabi sorghumt0
- Treatment
- cypermethrin 10 ECe6
- Outcome
- phytotoxic symptomse6
- Qualifier
- to a various levele6
- Comparator
- control (water spray)e2
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Phytotoxicity of pesticides on grain yield of Rabi sorghum”
e6“Other treatments such as malathion 50 EC, methomyl 40 SP, chlorphyriphos 20 EC, cypermethrin 10 EC, alphamethrin 10 EC, imidacloprid 17. 8 SL treated plots produced the phytotoxic symptoms to a various level”
e2“along with control (water spray)”
Claim · model-written summary
Alphamethrin 10 EC produced phytotoxic symptoms on rabi sorghum to a various level.
- Taxon
- Rabi sorghumt0
- Treatment
- alphamethrin 10 ECe6
- Outcome
- phytotoxic symptomse6
- Qualifier
- to a various levele6
- Comparator
- control (water spray)e2
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Phytotoxicity of pesticides on grain yield of Rabi sorghum”
e6“Other treatments such as malathion 50 EC, methomyl 40 SP, chlorphyriphos 20 EC, cypermethrin 10 EC, alphamethrin 10 EC, imidacloprid 17. 8 SL treated plots produced the phytotoxic symptoms to a various level”
e2“along with control (water spray)”
Claim · model-written summary
Imidacloprid 17.8 SL produced phytotoxic symptoms on rabi sorghum to a various level.
- Taxon
- Rabi sorghumt0
- Treatment
- imidacloprid 17. 8 SLe6
- Outcome
- phytotoxic symptomse6
- Qualifier
- to a various levele6
- Comparator
- control (water spray)e2
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Phytotoxicity of pesticides on grain yield of Rabi sorghum”
e6“Other treatments such as malathion 50 EC, methomyl 40 SP, chlorphyriphos 20 EC, cypermethrin 10 EC, alphamethrin 10 EC, imidacloprid 17. 8 SL treated plots produced the phytotoxic symptoms to a various level”
e2“along with control (water spray)”
Claim · model-written summary
Acephate 75 SP was safe to rabi sorghum at recommended, two times and four times the recommended dosage.
- Taxon
- Rabi sorghumt0
- Treatment
- Acephate 75 SPe7
- Outcome
- safe to the sorghum crope7
- Qualifier
- at recommended, two times the recommended and four times the recommended dosagee7
- Comparator
- control (water spray)e2
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Phytotoxicity of pesticides on grain yield of Rabi sorghum”
e7“Acephate 75 SP, fipronil 5 SC, carbofuron 3G, Phorate 10 G, chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC, emamectin benzoate 0.5 SG and NSKE were found safe to the sorghum crop at recommended, two times the recommended and four times the recommended dosage of pesticides tested”
e2“along with control (water spray)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fipronil 5 SC was safe to rabi sorghum at recommended, two times and four times the recommended dosage.
- Taxon
- Rabi sorghumt0
- Treatment
- fipronil 5 SCe7
- Outcome
- safe to the sorghum crope7
- Qualifier
- at recommended, two times the recommended and four times the recommended dosagee7
- Comparator
- control (water spray)e2
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Phytotoxicity of pesticides on grain yield of Rabi sorghum”
e7“Acephate 75 SP, fipronil 5 SC, carbofuron 3G, Phorate 10 G, chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC, emamectin benzoate 0.5 SG and NSKE were found safe to the sorghum crop at recommended, two times the recommended and four times the recommended dosage of pesticides tested”
e2“along with control (water spray)”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbofuran 3G was safe to rabi sorghum at recommended, two times and four times the recommended dosage.
- Taxon
- Rabi sorghumt0
- Treatment
- carbofuron 3Ge7
- Outcome
- safe to the sorghum crope7
- Qualifier
- at recommended, two times the recommended and four times the recommended dosagee7
- Comparator
- control (water spray)e2
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Phytotoxicity of pesticides on grain yield of Rabi sorghum”
e7“Acephate 75 SP, fipronil 5 SC, carbofuron 3G, Phorate 10 G, chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC, emamectin benzoate 0.5 SG and NSKE were found safe to the sorghum crop at recommended, two times the recommended and four times the recommended dosage of pesticides tested”
e2“along with control (water spray)”
Claim · model-written summary
Phorate 10 G was safe to rabi sorghum at recommended, two times and four times the recommended dosage.
- Taxon
- Rabi sorghumt0
- Treatment
- Phorate 10 Ge7
- Outcome
- safe to the sorghum crope7
- Qualifier
- at recommended, two times the recommended and four times the recommended dosagee7
- Comparator
- control (water spray)e2
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Phytotoxicity of pesticides on grain yield of Rabi sorghum”
e7“Acephate 75 SP, fipronil 5 SC, carbofuron 3G, Phorate 10 G, chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC, emamectin benzoate 0.5 SG and NSKE were found safe to the sorghum crop at recommended, two times the recommended and four times the recommended dosage of pesticides tested”
e2“along with control (water spray)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC was safe to rabi sorghum at recommended, two times and four times the recommended dosage.
- Taxon
- Rabi sorghumt0
- Treatment
- chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SCe7
- Outcome
- safe to the sorghum crope7
- Qualifier
- at recommended, two times the recommended and four times the recommended dosagee7
- Comparator
- control (water spray)e2
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Phytotoxicity of pesticides on grain yield of Rabi sorghum”
e7“Acephate 75 SP, fipronil 5 SC, carbofuron 3G, Phorate 10 G, chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC, emamectin benzoate 0.5 SG and NSKE were found safe to the sorghum crop at recommended, two times the recommended and four times the recommended dosage of pesticides tested”
e2“along with control (water spray)”
Claim · model-written summary
Emamectin benzoate 0.5 SG was safe to rabi sorghum at recommended, two times and four times the recommended dosage.
- Taxon
- Rabi sorghumt0
- Treatment
- emamectin benzoate 0.5 SGe7
- Outcome
- safe to the sorghum crope7
- Qualifier
- at recommended, two times the recommended and four times the recommended dosagee7
- Comparator
- control (water spray)e2
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Phytotoxicity of pesticides on grain yield of Rabi sorghum”
e7“Acephate 75 SP, fipronil 5 SC, carbofuron 3G, Phorate 10 G, chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC, emamectin benzoate 0.5 SG and NSKE were found safe to the sorghum crop at recommended, two times the recommended and four times the recommended dosage of pesticides tested”
e2“along with control (water spray)”
Claim · model-written summary
NSKE was safe to rabi sorghum at recommended, two times and four times the recommended dosage.
- Taxon
- Rabi sorghumt0
- Treatment
- NSKEe7
- Outcome
- safe to the sorghum crope7
- Qualifier
- at recommended, two times the recommended and four times the recommended dosagee7
- Comparator
- control (water spray)e2
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Phytotoxicity of pesticides on grain yield of Rabi sorghum”
e7“Acephate 75 SP, fipronil 5 SC, carbofuron 3G, Phorate 10 G, chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC, emamectin benzoate 0.5 SG and NSKE were found safe to the sorghum crop at recommended, two times the recommended and four times the recommended dosage of pesticides tested”
e2“along with control (water spray)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield of rabi sorghum was inversely correlated with the per cent phytotoxicity index.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Phytotoxicity of pesticides on grain yield of Rabi sorghum”
e0“The grain yield was inversely correlated with the per cent phytotoxicity index”