Abstract
Chloride includer soybean cultivars are more susceptible to chloride toxicity than excluder cultivars. The critical tissue chloride concentration defining toxicity is lower for excluder cultivars. Yield loss from chloride toxicity can be predicted by tissue analysis. Chloride toxicity is a yield limiting problem for soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production, but limited information is available to accurately diagnose and manage Cl toxicity. The research objective was to determine how incremental additions of Cl affect the yield of Cl excluder and includer cultivars and develop critical leaflet‐Cl concentrations that indicate when yield loss from Cl toxicity begins. Six soybean cultivars, three Cl‐includer and three Cl‐excluder cultivars, were planted at five site‐years. Chloride solution containing CaCl 2 ∙2H 2 O and MgCl 2 ∙6H 2 O salts was applied to the soil surface beginning at late vegetative growth with final rates ranging from 0 to 1010 kg Cl ha −1 . Tissue Cl concentration was measured by sampling trifoliolate leaflets during reproductive growth. Critical leaflet‐Cl concentrations at the R3 stage were developed by regressing relative soybean yield across leaflet‐Cl concentration for each cultivar Cl rating. Chloride addition reduced soybean seed yield, on average, by 17% for Cl includer and 5% for excluder cultivars. Leaflet‐Cl concentration explained 56% of the variability in relative grain yield for Cl excluders and includers. Relative seed yield declined linearly at 2.6% (1000 mg Cl kg) −1 for cultivars within each Cl rating group with 5% yield loss expected when concentrations exceeded 3923 mg Cl kg −1 for includers and 1885 mg Cl kg −1 for excluders. The ability to predict when potentially toxic amounts of Cl are taken up using tissue analysis is the first step in developing management strategies that may help mitigate yield loss.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Chloride addition reduced seed yield by 17% on average in chloride includer soybean cultivars.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Material
- Cl includere0
- Treatment
- Chloride additione0
- Outcome
- soybean seed yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 17%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chloride addition reduced soybean seed yield, on average, by 17% for Cl includer and 5% for excluder cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloride addition reduced seed yield by 5% on average in chloride excluder soybean cultivars.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- excluder cultivarse0
- Treatment
- Chloride additione0
- Outcome
- soybean seed yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chloride addition reduced soybean seed yield, on average, by 17% for Cl includer and 5% for excluder cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaflet chloride concentration explained 56% of variability in relative grain yield across both cultivar groups.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- Leaflete0
- Outcome
- relative grain yielde0
- Value
- 56%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaflet‐Cl concentration explained 56% of the variability in relative grain yield for Cl excluders and includers”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative seed yield declined linearly by 2.6% per 1000 mg Cl kg in both cultivar groups.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- cultivars within each Cl rating groupe0
- Outcome
- Relative seed yielde0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- 2.6% (1000 mg Cl kg) −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative seed yield declined linearly at 2.6% (1000 mg Cl kg) −1 for cultivars within each Cl rating group”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
A 5% yield loss was expected above 3923 mg Cl kg−1 in chloride includer cultivars.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- includerse0
- Outcome
- yield losse0
- Direction
- exceedede0
- Value
- 3923 mg Cl kg −1e0
- Qualifier
- 5% yield losse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“5% yield loss expected when concentrations exceeded 3923 mg Cl kg −1 for includers and 1885 mg Cl kg −1 for excluders”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
A 5% yield loss was expected above 1885 mg Cl kg−1 in chloride excluder cultivars.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- excluderse0
- Outcome
- yield losse0
- Direction
- exceedede0
- Value
- 1885 mg Cl kg −1e0
- Qualifier
- 5% yield losse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“5% yield loss expected when concentrations exceeded 3923 mg Cl kg −1 for includers and 1885 mg Cl kg −1 for excluders”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Tissue analysis can predict potentially toxic chloride uptake in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- predict when potentially toxic amounts of Cl are taken upe0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ability to predict when potentially toxic amounts of Cl are taken up using tissue analysis”
t0“Soybean”
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chloride · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
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- negative
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