Abstract
In nature, crops encounter a combination of abiotic stresses that severely limit yield. Our aim was to dynamically expose the changes of tomatoes' physiological parameters to drought, heat and their combination and thereby clarify the relationship between the responses to single and combined stress. We studied the effect of single and combined drought and heat stresses on the shoot and root of two tomato cultivars (Sufen No.14 as CV1; Jinlingmeiyu as CV2). After being exposed to combined stress for 6 days, the dry weight of shoot and root significantly decreased. The F q ′/F m ′ (quantum yield of photosystem II) was significantly lower in CV1 upon drought and combined stress and in CV2 subjected to combined stress (between days 4 and 6) compared to control. The relative water content during combined stress was significantly lower than control from day 4 to recovery day 2. On days 3 and 6, the water loss rate significantly increased under heat stress and decreased at drought and combined stress, respectively. The combined stress caused severe damages on photosystem II and chloroplast ultrastructure. The root activity after stress recovered even though drought significantly increased the activity from day 2 to day 6. Combined stress result in complex responses during tomato growth. The CV1 was more heat tolerant than CV2, but there was no varietal difference at drought and combined stress. This study contributes to the understanding of the underlying physiological response mechanism of plant to combined stress and crop improvement by providing valuable information for abiotic stress‐tolerant tomato breeding.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Combined stress for six days significantly decreased shoot dry weight.
- Taxon
- tomatoes
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Organ / stage
- shoote0
- Treatment
- combined stress for 6 dayse0
- Outcome
- dry weight of shoote0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After being exposed to combined stress for 6 days, the dry weight of shoot and root significantly decreased”
e1“tomatoes' physiological parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined stress for six days significantly decreased root dry weight.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume1
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- combined stress for 6 dayse0
- Outcome
- dry weight of shoot and roote0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After being exposed to combined stress for 6 days, the dry weight of shoot and root significantly decreased”
e1“tomatoes' physiological parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought significantly lowered photosystem II quantum yield in CV1 versus control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Material
- CV1e0
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- quantum yield of photosystem IIe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The F q ′/F m ′ (quantum yield of photosystem II) was significantly lower in CV1 upon drought and combined stress and in CV2 subjected to combined stress (between days 4 and 6) compared to control”
e1“two tomato cultivars (Sufen No.14 as CV1; Jinlingmeiyu as CV2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined stress significantly lowered photosystem II quantum yield in CV1 versus control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Material
- CV1e0
- Treatment
- combined stresse0
- Outcome
- quantum yield of photosystem IIe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The F q ′/F m ′ (quantum yield of photosystem II) was significantly lower in CV1 upon drought and combined stress and in CV2 subjected to combined stress (between days 4 and 6) compared to control”
e1“two tomato cultivars (Sufen No.14 as CV1; Jinlingmeiyu as CV2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined stress significantly lowered photosystem II quantum yield in CV2 on days four to six versus control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Material
- CV2e0
- Treatment
- combined stresse0
- Outcome
- quantum yield of photosystem IIe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- between days 4 and 6e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The F q ′/F m ′ (quantum yield of photosystem II) was significantly lower in CV1 upon drought and combined stress and in CV2 subjected to combined stress (between days 4 and 6) compared to control”
e1“two tomato cultivars (Sufen No.14 as CV1; Jinlingmeiyu as CV2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined stress significantly lowered relative water content from day four to recovery day two.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- combined stresse0
- Outcome
- relative water contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- from day 4 to recovery day 2e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative water content during combined stress was significantly lower than control from day 4 to recovery day 2”
e1“tomatoes' physiological parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress significantly increased water loss rate on days three and six.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- heat stresse0
- Outcome
- water loss ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- days 3 and 6e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On days 3 and 6, the water loss rate significantly increased under heat stress”
e1“tomatoes' physiological parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought significantly decreased water loss rate.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- water loss ratee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the water loss rate significantly increased under heat stress and decreased at drought and combined stress, respectively”
e1“tomatoes' physiological parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined stress significantly decreased water loss rate.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- combined stresse0
- Outcome
- water loss ratee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the water loss rate significantly increased under heat stress and decreased at drought and combined stress, respectively”
e1“tomatoes' physiological parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined stress severely damaged photosystem II.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- combined stresse0
- Outcome
- severe damages on photosystem IIe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined stress caused severe damages on photosystem II and chloroplast ultrastructure”
e1“tomatoes' physiological parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined stress severely damaged chloroplast ultrastructure.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- combined stresse0
- Outcome
- chloroplast ultrastructuree0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined stress caused severe damages on photosystem II and chloroplast ultrastructure”
e1“tomatoes' physiological parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Root activity recovered after stress.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume1
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Outcome
- root activitye0
- Direction
- recoverede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The root activity after stress recovered”
e1“tomatoes' physiological parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought significantly increased root activity from day two to six.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume2
- Organ / stage
- roote1
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- root activitye1
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- from day 2 to day 6e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drought significantly increased the activity from day 2 to day 6”
e1“The root activity after stress recovered”
e2“tomatoes' physiological parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
CV1 was more heat tolerant than CV2.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The CV1 was more heat tolerant than CV2”
e1“two tomato cultivars (Sufen No.14 as CV1; Jinlingmeiyu as CV2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivars did not differ under drought.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- varietal differencee0
- Direction
- no varietal differencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no varietal difference at drought and combined stress”
e1“two tomato cultivars (Sufen No.14 as CV1; Jinlingmeiyu as CV2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivars did not differ under combined stress.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- combined stresse0
- Outcome
- varietal differencee0
- Direction
- no varietal differencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no varietal difference at drought and combined stress”
e1“two tomato cultivars (Sufen No.14 as CV1; Jinlingmeiyu as CV2)”
The same questions in other papers
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.