Abstract
A fungus Fusarium oxysporum F. sp. niveum (FON) is the causal organism of Fusarium wilt in watermelon. In this study, we evaluated the effect of wheat intercropping on the Fusarium wilt of watermelon. Our results showed that wheat intercropping decreases the incidence of Fusarium wilt of watermelon, likely due to the secretion of coumaric acid from the roots of wheat that dramatically inhibits FON spore germination, sporulation, and growth. The secretion of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, and cinnamic acid from the roots of watermelon stimulates FON spore germination, sporulation, and growth. The secretion of phenolic acids and organic acids from the roots of watermelon is also promoted by FON infection. However, secretion of phenolic acids and organic acids from the roots of watermelon is substantially reduced under wheat intercropping systems. FON infection increases the accumulation of free and conjugated salicylic acid (SA) in watermelon grown under wheat intercropping systems through isochorismate (ICS) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) pathways. Furthermore, wheat intercropping up-regulates the expression of disease-and defense-responsive genes and improves the activities of corresponding pathogenesis-related (PR) enzymes in the roots of watermelon. In conclusion, the secretion of coumaric acid from the roots of wheat and changes in the composition of phenolic acid and organic acid secretion from the roots of watermelon suppress Fusarium wilt of watermelon under wheat intercropping system. Meanwhile, wheat intercropping also enhanced the resistance of watermelon to FON by up-regulating the expression of disease-and-defense responsive genes in watermelon.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat intercropping reduced watermelon Fusarium wilt incidence.
- Taxon
- watermelon
Citrullus lanatuse0 - Treatment
- wheat intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- incidence of Fusarium wilte0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat intercropping decreases the incidence of Fusarium wilt of watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat root coumaric acid inhibited FON spore germination, sporulation and growth.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Interactor
- FONe0pathogen
- Compound
- coumaric acide0
- Outcome
- FON spore germination, sporulation, and growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“secretion of coumaric acid from the roots of wheat that dramatically inhibits FON spore germination, sporulation, and growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
Watermelon root p-hydroxybenzoic, ferulic and cinnamic acids stimulated FON spore germination, sporulation and growth.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Interactor
- FONe0pathogen
- Compound
- p-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, and cinnamic acide0
- Outcome
- FON spore germination, sporulation, and growthe0
- Direction
- stimulatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“secretion of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, and cinnamic acid from the roots of watermelon stimulates FON spore germination, sporulation, and growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
FON infection promoted secretion of phenolic and organic acids from watermelon roots.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- FON infectione0
- Interactor
- FONe0pathogen
- Outcome
- secretion of phenolic acids and organic acidse0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“secretion of phenolic acids and organic acids from the roots of watermelon is also promoted by FON infection.”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat intercropping reduced secretion of phenolic and organic acids from watermelon roots.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- wheat intercropping systemse0
- Outcome
- secretion of phenolic acids and organic acidse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“secretion of phenolic acids and organic acids from the roots of watermelon is substantially reduced under wheat intercropping systems.”
Claim · model-written summary
FON infection increased free and conjugated salicylic acid in intercropped watermelon.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- FON infectione0
- Interactor
- FONe0pathogen
- Outcome
- accumulation of free and conjugated salicylic acid (SA)e0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FON infection increases the accumulation of free and conjugated salicylic acid (SA) in watermelon grown under wheat intercropping systems through isochorismate (ICS) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) pathways.”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat intercropping raised expression of disease and defense genes in watermelon roots.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- wheat intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- expression of disease-and defense-responsive genese0
- Direction
- up-regulatese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat intercropping up-regulates the expression of disease-and defense-responsive genes and improves the activities of corresponding pathogenesis-related (PR) enzymes in the roots of watermelon.”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat intercropping improved pathogenesis-related enzyme activities in watermelon roots.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- wheat intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- activities of corresponding pathogenesis-related (PR) enzymese0
- Direction
- improvese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat intercropping up-regulates the expression of disease-and defense-responsive genes and improves the activities of corresponding pathogenesis-related (PR) enzymes in the roots of watermelon.”
The same questions in other papers
Triticum aestivum · disease · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Triticum aestivum · molecular: expression · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
infection · quality: phytochemicals · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
intercropping · disease · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
intercropping · quality: phytochemicals · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
intercropping · molecular: expression · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.