Abstract
Cd is a non-essential heavy metal that is toxic to both plants and animals. Here, we reveal that the transcription factor bHLH104 positively regulates Cd tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that Fe deficiency-responsive genes were induced by Cd treatment, and that their upregulation was suppressed in bhlh104 loss-of-function mutants, but enhanced upon overexpression of bHLH104. Correspondingly, the bhlh104 mutants displayed sensitivity to Cd stress, whereas plants overexpressing bHLH104 exhibited enhanced Cd tolerance. Further analysis suggested that bHLH104 positively regulates four heavy metal detoxification-associated genes, IREG2, MTP3, HMA3 and NAS4, which play roles in Cd sequestration and tolerance. The bHLH104 overexpression plants accumulated high levels of Cd in the root but low levels of Cd in the shoot, which might contribute to the Cd tolerance in those lines. The present study thus points to bHLH104 as a potentially useful tool for genetic engineering of plants with enhanced Cd tolerance.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
bHLH104 positively regulates cadmium tolerance.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Gene
- bHLH104e0
- Outcome
- Cd tolerancee0
- Direction
- positively regulatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the transcription factor bHLH104 positively regulates Cd tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium induced Fe deficiency responsive genes.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- Cd treatmente0
- Outcome
- Fe deficiency-responsive genese0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fe deficiency-responsive genes were induced by Cd treatment”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
bhlh104 loss of function suppressed cadmium induced gene upregulation.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae2
- Material
- bhlh104 loss-of-function mutantse0
- Treatment
- Cd treatmente1
- Outcome
- upregulatione0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“their upregulation was suppressed in bhlh104 loss-of-function mutants”
e1“Fe deficiency-responsive genes were induced by Cd treatment”
e2“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
bHLH104 overexpression enhanced cadmium induced gene upregulation.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae2
- Treatment
- overexpression of bHLH104e0
- Outcome
- Fe deficiency-responsive genese1
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced upon overexpression of bHLH104”
e1“Fe deficiency-responsive genes were induced by Cd treatment”
e2“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
bhlh104 mutants were sensitive to cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- bhlh104 mutantse0
- Outcome
- sensitivity to Cd stresse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the bhlh104 mutants displayed sensitivity to Cd stress”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
bHLH104 overexpressors had enhanced cadmium tolerance.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- overexpressing bHLH104e0
- Outcome
- Cd tolerancee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants overexpressing bHLH104 exhibited enhanced Cd tolerance”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
bHLH104 positively regulates IREG2, MTP3, HMA3 and NAS4.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Gene
- bHLH104e0
- Outcome
- heavy metal detoxification-associated genes, IREG2, MTP3, HMA3 and NAS4e0
- Direction
- positively regulatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bHLH104 positively regulates four heavy metal detoxification-associated genes, IREG2, MTP3, HMA3 and NAS4”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Those four genes play roles in cadmium sequestration and tolerance.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Gene
- IREG2, MTP3, HMA3 and NAS4e0
- Outcome
- Cd sequestration and tolerancee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IREG2, MTP3, HMA3 and NAS4, which play roles in Cd sequestration and tolerance.”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
bHLH104 overexpressors accumulated high cadmium in roots.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- bHLH104 overexpression plantse0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Outcome
- levels of Cd in the roote0
- Direction
- highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The bHLH104 overexpression plants accumulated high levels of Cd in the root”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
bHLH104 overexpressors accumulated low cadmium in shoots.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- bHLH104 overexpression plantse0
- Organ / stage
- shoote0
- Outcome
- levels of Cd in the shoote0
- Direction
- lowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The bHLH104 overexpression plants accumulated high levels of Cd in the root but low levels of Cd in the shoot”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Root and shoot cadmium partitioning might contribute to tolerance.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Outcome
- Cd tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- high levels of Cd in the root but low levels of Cd in the shoote0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high levels of Cd in the root but low levels of Cd in the shoot, which might contribute to the Cd tolerance in those lines.”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
The same questions in other papers
cadmium atom · molecular: expression · Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.