Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during the summer seasons of 2013 and 2014 at Krishi Vigyan Kendra Farm of Junagadh Agricultural University, Nana Kandhasar, Surendranagar, Gujarat, on sandy loam soils to assess the impact of irrigation and fertility levels on growth, yield, water-use, economics and quality of clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.]. Sixteen treatment combinations of 4 irrigation levels [0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 irrigation water: cumulative pan evaporation ratio (IW: CPE) and 4 fertility levels (00: 00, 10: 20, 20: 40 and 30: 60 kg N: P2O5/ha) were tested using split-plot design with three replications. The pooled results indicated that irrigation at 0.8 IW: CPE being at par with 1.0 IW: CPE enhanced growth parameters and yield attributes and thereby seed yield (1.33 t/ha), stover yield (2.84 t/ha) and harvest index (31.9%) with the highest net returns ( 53, 895/ha) and benefit: cost ratio of 2.29 over 0.4 IW: CPE. The maximum consumptive use of water was noticed under 1.0 IW: CPE, while the maximum water-use efficiency (WUE) (4.90 kg/ha-mm) and water-expense efficiency (WEE) (4.19 kg/ha-mm) were recorded under 0.4 IW: CPE. Significantly higher protein content (24.3%), protein yield (325 kg/ha), gum content (29.3%) and gum yield (391 kg/ha) were recorded under 0.8 IW: CPE over 0.4 and 0.6 IW: CPE. Application of 20: 40 kg N: P2O5/ha being at par with 30: 60 kg N: P2O5/ha also improved growth parameters, yield attributes, seed yield, stover yield, harvest index with the highest net returns ( 52, 967/ha) and benefit: cost ratio of 2.24 along with consumptive use of water, WUE, WEE, protein content, protein yield, gum content and gum yield than control. Therefore, irrigation at 0.8 IW: CPE and fertilizer dose of 20: 40 kg N: P2O5/ha could be applied for higher yield and monetary returns from clusterbean (gumguar) along with appreciable saving of water and fertilizer in summer season.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 0.8 IW:CPE increased growth and yield attributes relative to 0.4 IW:CPE.
- Taxon
- clusterbean
Cyamopsis tetragonolobat0 - Treatment
- 0.8 IW: CPEe0
- Outcome
- growth parameters and yield attributese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- 0.4 IW: CPEe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“irrigation at 0.8 IW: CPE being at par with 1.0 IW: CPE enhanced growth parameters and yield attributes and thereby seed yield (1.33 t/ha), stover yield (2.84 t/ha) and harvest index (31.9%) with the highest net returns ( 53, 895/ha) and benefit: cost ratio of 2.29 over 0.4 IW: CPE”
t0“clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba)”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation increased seed yield to 1.33 t/ha.
- Taxon
- clusterbeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- 0.8 IW: CPEe0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 1.33 t/hae0
- Comparator
- 0.4 IW: CPEe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“irrigation at 0.8 IW: CPE being at par with 1.0 IW: CPE enhanced growth parameters and yield attributes and thereby seed yield (1.33 t/ha), stover yield (2.84 t/ha) and harvest index (31.9%) with the highest net returns ( 53, 895/ha) and benefit: cost ratio of 2.29 over 0.4 IW: CPE”
t0“clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba)”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation increased stover yield to 2.84 t/ha.
- Taxon
- clusterbeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- 0.8 IW: CPEe0
- Outcome
- stover yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 2.84 t/hae0
- Comparator
- 0.4 IW: CPEe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“irrigation at 0.8 IW: CPE being at par with 1.0 IW: CPE enhanced growth parameters and yield attributes and thereby seed yield (1.33 t/ha), stover yield (2.84 t/ha) and harvest index (31.9%) with the highest net returns ( 53, 895/ha) and benefit: cost ratio of 2.29 over 0.4 IW: CPE”
t0“clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba)”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation increased harvest index to 31.9%.
- Taxon
- clusterbeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- 0.8 IW: CPEe0
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 31.9%e0
- Comparator
- 0.4 IW: CPEe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“irrigation at 0.8 IW: CPE being at par with 1.0 IW: CPE enhanced growth parameters and yield attributes and thereby seed yield (1.33 t/ha), stover yield (2.84 t/ha) and harvest index (31.9%) with the highest net returns ( 53, 895/ha) and benefit: cost ratio of 2.29 over 0.4 IW: CPE”
t0“clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba)”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation gave highest net returns.
- Taxon
- clusterbeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- 0.8 IW: CPEe0
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 53, 895/hae0
- Comparator
- 0.4 IW: CPEe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“irrigation at 0.8 IW: CPE being at par with 1.0 IW: CPE enhanced growth parameters and yield attributes and thereby seed yield (1.33 t/ha), stover yield (2.84 t/ha) and harvest index (31.9%) with the highest net returns ( 53, 895/ha) and benefit: cost ratio of 2.29 over 0.4 IW: CPE”
t0“clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba)”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation gave a benefit-cost ratio of 2.29.
- Taxon
- clusterbeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- 0.8 IW: CPEe0
- Outcome
- benefit: cost ratioe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 2.29e0
- Comparator
- 0.4 IW: CPEe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“irrigation at 0.8 IW: CPE being at par with 1.0 IW: CPE enhanced growth parameters and yield attributes and thereby seed yield (1.33 t/ha), stover yield (2.84 t/ha) and harvest index (31.9%) with the highest net returns ( 53, 895/ha) and benefit: cost ratio of 2.29 over 0.4 IW: CPE”
t0“clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba)”
Claim · model-written summary
Consumptive water use was maximal at 1.0 IW:CPE.
- Taxon
- clusterbeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- 1.0 IW: CPEe0
- Outcome
- consumptive use of watere0
- Direction
- maximume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum consumptive use of water was noticed under 1.0 IW: CPE”
t0“clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-use efficiency peaked at 4.90 kg/ha-mm under 0.4 IW:CPE.
- Taxon
- clusterbeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- 0.4 IW: CPEe0
- Outcome
- water-use efficiency (WUE)e0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 4.90 kg/ha-mme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum water-use efficiency (WUE) (4.90 kg/ha-mm) and water-expense efficiency (WEE) (4.19 kg/ha-mm) were recorded under 0.4 IW: CPE”
t0“clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-expense efficiency peaked at 4.19 kg/ha-mm under 0.4 IW:CPE.
- Taxon
- clusterbeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- 0.4 IW: CPEe0
- Outcome
- water-expense efficiency (WEE)e0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 4.19 kg/ha-mme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum water-use efficiency (WUE) (4.90 kg/ha-mm) and water-expense efficiency (WEE) (4.19 kg/ha-mm) were recorded under 0.4 IW: CPE”
t0“clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba)”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein content was higher at 24.3%.
- Taxon
- clusterbeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- 0.8 IW: CPEe0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 24.3%e0
- Comparator
- 0.4 and 0.6 IW: CPEe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly higher protein content (24.3%), protein yield (325 kg/ha), gum content (29.3%) and gum yield (391 kg/ha) were recorded under 0.8 IW: CPE over 0.4 and 0.6 IW: CPE”
t0“clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba)”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein yield was higher at 325 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- clusterbeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- 0.8 IW: CPEe0
- Outcome
- protein yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 325 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- 0.4 and 0.6 IW: CPEe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly higher protein content (24.3%), protein yield (325 kg/ha), gum content (29.3%) and gum yield (391 kg/ha) were recorded under 0.8 IW: CPE over 0.4 and 0.6 IW: CPE”
t0“clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba)”
Claim · model-written summary
Gum content was higher at 29.3%.
- Taxon
- clusterbeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- 0.8 IW: CPEe0
- Outcome
- gum contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 29.3%e0
- Comparator
- 0.4 and 0.6 IW: CPEe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly higher protein content (24.3%), protein yield (325 kg/ha), gum content (29.3%) and gum yield (391 kg/ha) were recorded under 0.8 IW: CPE over 0.4 and 0.6 IW: CPE”
t0“clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba)”
Claim · model-written summary
Gum yield was higher at 391 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- clusterbeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- 0.8 IW: CPEe0
- Outcome
- gum yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 391 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- 0.4 and 0.6 IW: CPEe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly higher protein content (24.3%), protein yield (325 kg/ha), gum content (29.3%) and gum yield (391 kg/ha) were recorded under 0.8 IW: CPE over 0.4 and 0.6 IW: CPE”
t0“clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer at 20:40 kg N:P2O5/ha improved growth, yield attributes, seed and stover yield, and harvest index relative to control.
- Taxon
- clusterbeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- 20: 40 kg N: P2O5/hae0
- Outcome
- growth parameters, yield attributes, seed yield, stover yield, harvest indexe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 20: 40 kg N: P2O5/ha being at par with 30: 60 kg N: P2O5/ha also improved growth parameters, yield attributes, seed yield, stover yield, harvest index with the highest net returns ( 52, 967/ha) and benefit: cost ratio of 2.24 along with consumptive use of water, WUE, WEE, protein content, protein yield, gum content and gum yield than control”
t0“clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer at 20:40 kg N:P2O5/ha produced the highest net returns.
- Taxon
- clusterbeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- 20: 40 kg N: P2O5/hae0
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 52, 967/hae0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 20: 40 kg N: P2O5/ha being at par with 30: 60 kg N: P2O5/ha also improved growth parameters, yield attributes, seed yield, stover yield, harvest index with the highest net returns ( 52, 967/ha) and benefit: cost ratio of 2.24 along with consumptive use of water, WUE, WEE, protein content, protein yield, gum content and gum yield than control”
t0“clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer at 20:40 kg N:P2O5/ha produced a benefit-cost ratio of 2.24.
- Taxon
- clusterbeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- 20: 40 kg N: P2O5/hae0
- Outcome
- benefit: cost ratioe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 2.24e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 20: 40 kg N: P2O5/ha being at par with 30: 60 kg N: P2O5/ha also improved growth parameters, yield attributes, seed yield, stover yield, harvest index with the highest net returns ( 52, 967/ha) and benefit: cost ratio of 2.24 along with consumptive use of water, WUE, WEE, protein content, protein yield, gum content and gum yield than control”
t0“clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer at 20:40 kg N:P2O5/ha improved water-use measures relative to control.
- Taxon
- clusterbeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- 20: 40 kg N: P2O5/hae0
- Outcome
- consumptive use of water, WUE, WEEe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 20: 40 kg N: P2O5/ha being at par with 30: 60 kg N: P2O5/ha also improved growth parameters, yield attributes, seed yield, stover yield, harvest index with the highest net returns ( 52, 967/ha) and benefit: cost ratio of 2.24 along with consumptive use of water, WUE, WEE, protein content, protein yield, gum content and gum yield than control”
t0“clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer at 20:40 kg N:P2O5/ha improved protein and gum content and yield relative to control.
- Taxon
- clusterbeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- 20: 40 kg N: P2O5/hae0
- Outcome
- protein content, protein yield, gum content and gum yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 20: 40 kg N: P2O5/ha being at par with 30: 60 kg N: P2O5/ha also improved growth parameters, yield attributes, seed yield, stover yield, harvest index with the highest net returns ( 52, 967/ha) and benefit: cost ratio of 2.24 along with consumptive use of water, WUE, WEE, protein content, protein yield, gum content and gum yield than control”
t0“clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 0.8 IW:CPE irrigation for clusterbean yield, returns, and water savings.
- Taxon
- clusterbeanCyamopsis tetragonolobae0
- Outcome
- irrigation at 0.8 IW: CPEe0
- Qualifier
- higher yield and monetary returnse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“irrigation at 0.8 IW: CPE and fertilizer dose of 20: 40 kg N: P2O5/ha could be applied for higher yield and monetary returns from clusterbean (gumguar) along with appreciable saving of water and fertilizer in summer season”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 20:40 kg N:P2O5/ha fertilizer for clusterbean yield, returns, and fertilizer savings.
- Taxon
- clusterbeanCyamopsis tetragonolobae0
- Outcome
- fertilizer dose of 20: 40 kg N: P2O5/hae0
- Qualifier
- saving of water and fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“irrigation at 0.8 IW: CPE and fertilizer dose of 20: 40 kg N: P2O5/ha could be applied for higher yield and monetary returns from clusterbean (gumguar) along with appreciable saving of water and fertilizer in summer season”
The same questions in other papers
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- negative
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- positive
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phosphorus · yield · Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (cluster bean)Results agree
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- positive
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See all 21 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.