Abstract
Due to potential international marketing concerns, North Dakota durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. Desf.) producers require strategies that limit cadmium (Cd) in harvested grain. These trials were conducted in order to determine the impact of type and placement of zinc (Zn) fertilizer on harvested grain seed Cd levels and to determine the best timing of foliar Zn-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Foliar Zn-EDTA applied at Feekes 10 growth stage had the lowest grain Cd of 0.97 mg kg−1 when evaluating different fertilizer sources and application timings. Application of 22.4 kg ha−1 potassium chloride with the seed at planting resulted in the highest grain Cd of 0.151 mg kg−1 and might be a concern when environmental conditions are conducive for Cd uptake from soil. Stepwise linear regression determined that soil pH and chloride explained 96% of the variability of grain Cd. Applying 1.1 kg Zn ha−1 as foliar Zn-EDTA in combination with 33 kg nitrogen ha−1 at Feekes 10.54 growth stage resulted in significantly lower grain Cd, and significantly higher grain Zn, iron, and protein content. Treatments that significantly lowered grain Cd did not decrease grain yield, test weight, or protein content. The treatments that most reduced grain Cd resulted in the most benefits from a production, marketing, and nutritional standpoint and represents an agronomic approach to biofortification of durum wheat.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Zn-EDTA at Feekes 10 gave the lowest grain cadmium, 0.97 mg kg−1.
- Taxon
- durum wheat
Triticum turgidum subsp. durumt0 - Treatment
- Foliar Zn-EDTA applied at Feekes 10 growth stagee0
- Outcome
- grain Cde0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 0.97 mg kg−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar Zn-EDTA applied at Feekes 10 growth stage had the lowest grain Cd of 0.97 mg kg−1”
t0“Type and placement of zinc fertilizer impacts cadmium content of harvested durum wheat grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium chloride with seed gave the highest grain cadmium, 0.151 mg kg−1.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- 22.4 kg ha−1 potassium chloride with the seed at plantinge0
- Outcome
- grain Cde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 0.151 mg kg−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 22.4 kg ha−1 potassium chloride with the seed at planting resulted in the highest grain Cd of 0.151 mg kg−1”
t0“Type and placement of zinc fertilizer impacts cadmium content of harvested durum wheat grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil pH and chloride explained 96% of grain cadmium variability.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Outcome
- variability of grain Cde0
- Value
- 96%e0
- Setting
- soil pH and chloridee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil pH and chloride explained 96% of the variability of grain Cd”
t0“Type and placement of zinc fertilizer impacts cadmium content of harvested durum wheat grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Zn-EDTA with nitrogen significantly lowered grain cadmium.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- 1.1 kg Zn ha−1 as foliar Zn-EDTA in combination with 33 kg nitrogen ha−1 at Feekes 10.54 growth stagee0
- Outcome
- grain Cde0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying 1.1 kg Zn ha−1 as foliar Zn-EDTA in combination with 33 kg nitrogen ha−1 at Feekes 10.54 growth stage resulted in significantly lower grain Cd”
t0“Type and placement of zinc fertilizer impacts cadmium content of harvested durum wheat grain”
Claim · model-written summary
The same fertilizer combination significantly increased grain zinc, iron and protein content.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Outcome
- grain Zn, iron, and protein contente0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly higher grain Zn, iron, and protein content”
t0“Type and placement of zinc fertilizer impacts cadmium content of harvested durum wheat grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium-lowering treatments did not decrease grain yield, test weight or protein content.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- Treatments that significantly lowered grain Cde0
- Outcome
- grain yield, test weight, or protein contente0
- Direction
- did not decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments that significantly lowered grain Cd did not decrease grain yield, test weight, or protein content”
t0“Type and placement of zinc fertilizer impacts cadmium content of harvested durum wheat grain”
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See all 20 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.