Abstract
The development of transgenic glyphosate-tolerant crops has revolutionized weed control in crops in many regions of the world. The early, non-destructive identification of superior plant phenotypes is an important stage in plant breeding programs. Here, glyphosate-tolerant transgenic maize and its parental wild-type control were studied at 2, 4, 6, and 8 days after glyphosate treatment. Visible and near-infrared hyperspectral imaging and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging techniques were applied to monitor the performance of plants. In our research, transgenic maize, which was highly tolerant to glyphosate, was phenotyped using these high-throughput non-destructive methods to validate low levels of shikimic acid accumulation and high photochemical efficiency of photosystem II as reflected by maximum quantum yield and non-photochemical quenching in response to glyphosate. For hyperspectral imaging analysis, the combination of spectroscopy and chemometric methods was used to predict shikimic acid concentration. Our results indicated that a partial least-squares regression model, built on optimal wavelengths, effectively predicted shikimic acid concentrations, with a coefficient of determination value of 0.79 for the calibration set, and 0.82 for the prediction set. Moreover, shikimic acid concentration estimates from hyperspectral images were visualized on the prediction maps by spectral features, which could help in developing a simple multispectral imaging instrument for non-destructive phenotyping. Specific physiological effects of glyphosate affected the photochemical processes of maize, which induced substantial changes in chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics. A new data-driven method, combining mean fluorescence parameters and featuring a screening approach, provided a satisfactory relationship between fluorescence parameters and shikimic acid content. The glyphosate-tolerant transgenic plants can be identified with the developed discrimination model established on important wavelengths or sensitive fluorescence parameters 6 days after glyphosate treatment. The overall results indicated that both hyperspectral imaging and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging techniques could provide useful tools for stress phenotyping in maize breeding programs and could enable the detection and evaluation of superior genotypes, such as glyphosate tolerance, with a non-destructive high-throughput technique.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate-tolerant transgenic maize showed low shikimic acid accumulation after glyphosate treatment compared with its parental wild-type control.
- Material
- glyphosate-tolerant transgenic maizee1
- Treatment
- glyphosatee1
- Outcome
- shikimic acid accumulatione2
- Direction
- lowe2
- Comparator
- parental wild-type controle1
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glyphosate-tolerant transgenic maize”
e1“glyphosate-tolerant transgenic maize and its parental wild-type control were studied at 2, 4, 6, and 8 days after glyphosate treatment”
e2“to validate low levels of shikimic acid accumulation and high photochemical efficiency of photosystem II”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate-tolerant transgenic maize showed high photochemical efficiency of photosystem II after glyphosate treatment compared with its parental wild-type control.
- Material
- glyphosate-tolerant transgenic maizee1
- Treatment
- glyphosatee3
- Outcome
- photochemical efficiency of photosystem IIe2
- Direction
- highe2
- Qualifier
- maximum quantum yield and non-photochemical quenchinge3
- Comparator
- parental wild-type controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glyphosate-tolerant transgenic maize”
e1“glyphosate-tolerant transgenic maize and its parental wild-type control were studied at 2, 4, 6, and 8 days after glyphosate treatment”
e2“to validate low levels of shikimic acid accumulation and high photochemical efficiency of photosystem II”
e3“maximum quantum yield and non-photochemical quenching in response to glyphosate”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate induced substantial changes in chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of maize.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glyphosate-tolerant transgenic maize”
e4“Specific physiological effects of glyphosate affected the photochemical processes of maize, which induced substantial changes in chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics”
Claim · model-written summary
A partial least-squares regression model on optimal wavelengths predicted shikimic acid concentrations in maize, with a coefficient of determination of 0.79 for the calibration set.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glyphosate-tolerant transgenic maize”
e5“a partial least-squares regression model, built on optimal wavelengths, effectively predicted shikimic acid concentrations, with a coefficient of determination value of 0.79 for the calibration set, and 0.82 for the prediction set”
Claim · model-written summary
A partial least-squares regression model on optimal wavelengths predicted shikimic acid concentrations in maize, with a coefficient of determination of 0.82 for the prediction set.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glyphosate-tolerant transgenic maize”
e5“a partial least-squares regression model, built on optimal wavelengths, effectively predicted shikimic acid concentrations, with a coefficient of determination value of 0.79 for the calibration set, and 0.82 for the prediction set”
Claim · model-written summary
A data-driven method combining mean fluorescence parameters provided a satisfactory relationship between fluorescence parameters and shikimic acid content in maize.
- Compound
- shikimic acide6
- Outcome
- relationship between fluorescence parameters and shikimic acid contente6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glyphosate-tolerant transgenic maize”
e6“A new data-driven method, combining mean fluorescence parameters and featuring a screening approach, provided a satisfactory relationship between fluorescence parameters and shikimic acid content”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate-tolerant transgenic plants can be identified with a discrimination model 6 days after glyphosate treatment.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glyphosate-tolerant transgenic maize”
e7“The glyphosate-tolerant transgenic plants can be identified with the developed discrimination model established on important wavelengths or sensitive fluorescence parameters 6 days after glyphosate treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Hyperspectral and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging could provide useful tools for stress phenotyping in maize breeding programs.
- Outcome
- useful tools for stress phenotyping in maize breeding programse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glyphosate-tolerant transgenic maize”
e7“both hyperspectral imaging and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging techniques could provide useful tools for stress phenotyping in maize breeding programs”
The same questions in other papers
glyphosate · physiology: photosynthesis · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.