Abstract
Abstract Permeation via acetone of fusicoccin (FC), or of a combination of the three growth regulators, kinetin (K), 2-chloroethyl(phosphonic acid) (ethephon) (E), and gibberellic acid (G) into dry lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L. cvs. Grand Rapids and Mesa 659) seeds markedly relieved the inhibiting effects of stress on germination and seedling emergence. Permeation with FC or K+E+G increased dark germination by 80 to 90% at 30°C. At 35°, germination of ‘Grand Rapids’ seeds was enhanced much more by FC than by K+E+G. Both FC and K+E+G increased germination in solutions of NaCl (−4.95 bars) or polyethylene glycol-6000 (−3 bars). In saline medium at 30 and 35°, FC was more active than K+E+G. Hypocotyl and radicle elongation was greater for seeds treated with FC than for seeds treated with other materials in both aqueous and saline media. In soil moistened with water or 0.1 NaCl, emergence of unpermeated ‘Mesa 659’ seeds was 0 to 2% at 25°. Permeation with FC or K+E+G enhanced emergence 65–80% in water, 48–55% in NaCl. FC produced more vigorous seedlings in terms of fresh weight and size than any other treatment including K+E+G. Furthermore, FC generally shortened the emergence time more than K+E+G treatment, the difference being more marked in saline soil.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Fusicoccin permeation increased dark germination at 30°C by 80 to 90%.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativae1 - Material
- Grand Rapids and Mesa 659e1
- Treatment
- FCe0
- Outcome
- dark germinatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 80 to 90%e0
- Qualifier
- 30°Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Permeation with FC or K+E+G increased dark germination by 80 to 90% at 30°C.”
e1“lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L. cvs. Grand Rapids and Mesa 659) seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The K+E+G combination increased dark germination at 30°C by 80 to 90%.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Material
- Grand Rapids and Mesa 659e1
- Treatment
- K+E+Ge0
- Outcome
- dark germinatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 80 to 90%e0
- Qualifier
- 30°Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Permeation with FC or K+E+G increased dark germination by 80 to 90% at 30°C.”
e1“lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L. cvs. Grand Rapids and Mesa 659) seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
At 35°, fusicoccin enhanced Grand Rapids seed germination much more than K+E+G.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Material
- Grand Rapidse0
- Treatment
- FCe0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- 35°e0
- Comparator
- K+E+Ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 35°, germination of ‘Grand Rapids’ seeds was enhanced much more by FC than by K+E+G.”
e1“lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L. cvs. Grand Rapids and Mesa 659) seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusicoccin increased germination in NaCl solution.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- FCe0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- NaCl (−4.95 bars)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both FC and K+E+G increased germination in solutions of NaCl (−4.95 bars) or polyethylene glycol-6000 (−3 bars).”
e1“lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L. cvs. Grand Rapids and Mesa 659) seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
K+E+G increased germination in NaCl solution.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- K+E+Ge0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- NaCl (−4.95 bars)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both FC and K+E+G increased germination in solutions of NaCl (−4.95 bars) or polyethylene glycol-6000 (−3 bars).”
e1“lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L. cvs. Grand Rapids and Mesa 659) seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusicoccin increased germination in polyethylene glycol-6000 solution.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- FCe0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- polyethylene glycol-6000 (−3 bars)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both FC and K+E+G increased germination in solutions of NaCl (−4.95 bars) or polyethylene glycol-6000 (−3 bars).”
e1“lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L. cvs. Grand Rapids and Mesa 659) seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
K+E+G increased germination in polyethylene glycol-6000 solution.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- K+E+Ge0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- polyethylene glycol-6000 (−3 bars)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both FC and K+E+G increased germination in solutions of NaCl (−4.95 bars) or polyethylene glycol-6000 (−3 bars).”
e1“lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L. cvs. Grand Rapids and Mesa 659) seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
In saline medium at 30 and 35°, fusicoccin was more active for germination than K+E+G.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- FCe0
- Outcome
- more activee0
- Direction
- more activee0
- Qualifier
- saline medium at 30 and 35°e0
- Comparator
- K+E+Ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In saline medium at 30 and 35°, FC was more active than K+E+G.”
e1“lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L. cvs. Grand Rapids and Mesa 659) seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusicoccin produced greater hypocotyl elongation than other seed treatments in aqueous and saline media.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- FCe0
- Outcome
- Hypocotyl and radicle elongatione0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- both aqueous and saline mediae0
- Comparator
- other materialse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hypocotyl and radicle elongation was greater for seeds treated with FC than for seeds treated with other materials in both aqueous and saline media.”
e1“lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L. cvs. Grand Rapids and Mesa 659) seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusicoccin or K+E+G raised Mesa 659 emergence in water to 65–80%, against 0 to 2% for unpermeated seeds.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Material
- Mesa 659e0
- Treatment
- FCe0
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 65–80%e0
- Qualifier
- 0 to 2%e0
- Comparator
- unpermeatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“emergence of unpermeated ‘Mesa 659’ seeds was 0 to 2% at 25°. Permeation with FC or K+E+G enhanced emergence 65–80% in water, 48–55% in NaCl.”
e1“lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L. cvs. Grand Rapids and Mesa 659) seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
K+E+G raised Mesa 659 emergence in water to 65–80%, against 0 to 2% for unpermeated seeds.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Material
- Mesa 659e0
- Treatment
- K+E+Ge0
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 65–80%e0
- Qualifier
- watere0
- Comparator
- unpermeatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“emergence of unpermeated ‘Mesa 659’ seeds was 0 to 2% at 25°. Permeation with FC or K+E+G enhanced emergence 65–80% in water, 48–55% in NaCl.”
e1“lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L. cvs. Grand Rapids and Mesa 659) seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusicoccin raised Mesa 659 emergence in NaCl to 48–55%.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Material
- Mesa 659e1
- Treatment
- FCe0
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 48–55%e0
- Qualifier
- NaCle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Permeation with FC or K+E+G enhanced emergence 65–80% in water, 48–55% in NaCl.”
e1“lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L. cvs. Grand Rapids and Mesa 659) seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
K+E+G raised Mesa 659 emergence in NaCl to 48–55%.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Material
- Mesa 659e1
- Treatment
- K+E+Ge0
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 48–55%e0
- Qualifier
- NaCle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Permeation with FC or K+E+G enhanced emergence 65–80% in water, 48–55% in NaCl.”
e1“lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L. cvs. Grand Rapids and Mesa 659) seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusicoccin produced more vigorous seedlings by fresh weight and size than any other treatment.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- FCe0
- Outcome
- fresh weight and sizee0
- Direction
- more vigorouse0
- Comparator
- any other treatment including K+E+Ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FC produced more vigorous seedlings in terms of fresh weight and size than any other treatment including K+E+G.”
e1“lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L. cvs. Grand Rapids and Mesa 659) seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusicoccin shortened emergence time more than K+E+G, particularly in saline soil.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- FCe0
- Outcome
- emergence timee0
- Direction
- shortenede0
- Qualifier
- more marked in saline soile0
- Comparator
- K+E+G treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FC generally shortened the emergence time more than K+E+G treatment, the difference being more marked in saline soil.”
e1“lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L. cvs. Grand Rapids and Mesa 659) seeds”
The same questions in other papers
fusicoccin · growth · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.