Abstract
We studied the effect of reducing the levels of the mitochondrial electron carrier cytochrome c (CYTc) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plants with CYTc deficiency have delayed growth and development, and reach flowering several days later than the wild-type but with the same number of leaves. CYTc-deficient plants accumulate starch and glucose during the day, and contain lower levels of active gibberellins (GA) and higher levels of DELLA proteins, involved in GA signaling. GA treatment abolishes the developmental delay and reduces glucose accumulation in CYTc-deficient plants, which also show a lower raise in ATP levels in response to glucose. Treatment of wild-type plants with inhibitors of mitochondrial energy production limits plant growth and increases the levels of DELLA proteins, thus mimicking the effects of CYTc deficiency. In addition, an increase in the amount of CYTc decreases DELLA protein levels and expedites growth, and this depends on active GA synthesis. We conclude that CYTc levels impinge on the activity of the GA pathway, most likely through changes in mitochondrial energy production. In this way, hormone-dependent growth would be coupled to the activity of components of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
CYTc deficiency delayed growth and development.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Treatment
- CYTc deficiencye0
- Gene
- CYTce0
- Outcome
- growth and developmente0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Comparator
- wild-typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants with CYTc deficiency have delayed growth and development, and reach flowering several days later than the wild-type but with the same number of leaves.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
CYTc deficient plants flowered several days later with the same leaf number.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- CYTc deficiencye0
- Gene
- CYTce0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- latere0
- Value
- several dayse0
- Comparator
- wild-typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants with CYTc deficiency have delayed growth and development, and reach flowering several days later than the wild-type but with the same number of leaves.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
CYTc deficient plants accumulated starch and glucose during the day.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- CYTce0
- Outcome
- starch and glucosee0
- Direction
- accumulatee0
- Qualifier
- during the daye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CYTc-deficient plants accumulate starch and glucose during the day”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
CYTc deficient plants had lower active GA levels.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- CYTce1
- Outcome
- active gibberellins (GA)e0
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“contain lower levels of active gibberellins (GA) and higher levels of DELLA proteins”
t0“Arabidopsis”
e1“CYTc-deficient plants accumulate starch and glucose during the day”
Claim · model-written summary
CYTc deficient plants had higher DELLA protein levels.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- DELLA proteinse0
- Outcome
- DELLA proteinse0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“contain lower levels of active gibberellins (GA) and higher levels of DELLA proteins”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
GA treatment abolished the developmental delay in CYTc deficient plants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- GA treatmente0
- Gene
- CYTce0
- Outcome
- developmental delaye0
- Direction
- abolishese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA treatment abolishes the developmental delay and reduces glucose accumulation in CYTc-deficient plants”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
GA treatment reduced glucose accumulation in CYTc deficient plants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- GA treatmente0
- Gene
- CYTce0
- Outcome
- glucose accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA treatment abolishes the developmental delay and reduces glucose accumulation in CYTc-deficient plants”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
CYTc deficient plants showed a lower ATP rise in response to glucose.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CYTc-deficient plants, which also show a lower raise in ATP levels in response to glucose.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Mitochondrial energy inhibitors limited wild-type growth.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- inhibitors of mitochondrial energy productione0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- limitse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment of wild-type plants with inhibitors of mitochondrial energy production limits plant growth and increases the levels of DELLA proteins”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Mitochondrial energy inhibitors increased DELLA proteins.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- inhibitors of mitochondrial energy productione0
- Gene
- DELLA proteinse0
- Outcome
- levels of DELLA proteinse0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment of wild-type plants with inhibitors of mitochondrial energy production limits plant growth and increases the levels of DELLA proteins”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased CYTc amount decreased DELLA protein levels.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- an increase in the amount of CYTce0
- Gene
- DELLA proteine0
- Outcome
- DELLA protein levelse0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Qualifier
- depends on active GA synthesise0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase in the amount of CYTc decreases DELLA protein levels and expedites growth, and this depends on active GA synthesis”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased CYTc expedited growth, depending on active GA synthesis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- an increase in the amount of CYTce0
- Gene
- CYTce0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- expeditese0
- Qualifier
- depends on active GA synthesise0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase in the amount of CYTc decreases DELLA protein levels and expedites growth, and this depends on active GA synthesis”
t0“Arabidopsis”
The same questions in other papers
Gibberellic acid · molecular: metabolites · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
glucose · molecular: metabolites · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.