Abstract
Phytohormones are central to plant growth and development. Despite the advancement in our knowledge of hormone signaling, downstream targets, and their interactions upon hormones action remain largely fragmented, especially at the protein and metabolite levels. With an aim to get new insight into the effects of two hormones, ethylene (ET) and abscisic acid (ABA), this study utilizes an integrated proteomics and metabolomics approach to investigate their individual and combined (ABA+ET) signaling in soybean leaves. Targeting low-abundance proteins, our previously established protamine sulfate precipitation method was applied, followed by label-free quantification of identified proteins. A total of 4129 unique protein groups including 1083 differentially modulated in one (individual) or other (combined) treatments were discerned. Functional annotation of the identified proteins showed an increased abundance of proteins related to the flavonoid and isoflavonoid biosynthesis and MAPK signaling pathway in response to ET treatment. HPLC analysis showed an accumulation of isoflavones (genistin, daidzein, and genistein) upon ET treatment, in agreement with the proteomics results. A metabolome analysis assigned 79 metabolites and further confirmed the accumulation of flavonoids and isoflavonoids in response to ET. A potential cross-talk between ET and MAPK signaling, leading to the accumulation of flavonoids and isoflavonoids in soybean leaves is suggested.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
The analysis identified 4129 protein groups, including 1083 differentially modulated groups.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Outcome
- unique protein groupse0
- Value
- 4129 unique protein groupse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A total of 4129 unique protein groups including 1083 differentially modulated in one (individual) or other (combined) treatments were discerned.”
e1“in soybean leaves. Targeting low-abundance proteins”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene increased abundance of proteins related to flavonoid and isoflavonoid biosynthesis and MAPK signaling.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- ET treatmente0
- Outcome
- abundance of proteins related to the flavonoid and isoflavonoid biosynthesis and MAPK signaling pathwaye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased abundance of proteins related to the flavonoid and isoflavonoid biosynthesis and MAPK signaling pathway in response to ET treatment”
e1“in soybean leaves. Targeting low-abundance proteins”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene led to accumulation of genistin, daidzein and genistein.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- ET treatmente0
- Outcome
- accumulation of isoflavones (genistin, daidzein, and genistein)e0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HPLC analysis showed an accumulation of isoflavones (genistin, daidzein, and genistein) upon ET treatment”
e1“in soybean leaves. Targeting low-abundance proteins”
Claim · model-written summary
Metabolome analysis assigned 79 metabolites.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- metabolitese0
- Value
- 79 metabolitese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A metabolome analysis assigned 79 metabolites”
e1“in soybean leaves. Targeting low-abundance proteins”
Claim · model-written summary
Metabolome analysis confirmed flavonoid and isoflavonoid accumulation in response to ethylene.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- ETe0
- Outcome
- flavonoids and isoflavonoidse0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“further confirmed the accumulation of flavonoids and isoflavonoids in response to ET”
e1“in soybean leaves. Targeting low-abundance proteins”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest cross-talk between ET and MAPK signaling contributes to flavonoid and isoflavonoid accumulation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- accumulation of flavonoids and isoflavonoidse0
- Qualifier
- potential cross-talk between ET and MAPK signalinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A potential cross-talk between ET and MAPK signaling, leading to the accumulation of flavonoids and isoflavonoids in soybean leaves is suggested.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.