Abstract
Variables affecting ultra-low-volume (ULV) application of herbicides for postemergence grass control in soybeans were evaluated in field experiments from 1988 to 1990. Air-assist applications of clethodim at 2.3 and 4.7 L ha –1 were compared with 94 and 187 L ha –1 applications with a conventional hydraulic sprayer. Rate of herbicide, volume of diluent, type of diluent, air pressure, and four other herbicides were evaluated. Clethodim at 28, 56, and 112 g ha –1 applied in paraffinic oil at 2.3 L ha –1 controlled johnsongrass better 10 wk after treatment than equivalent rates applied at 2.3 or 187 L ha –1 in water. At 2.3 L ha –1 , barnyardgrass control was improved by applying clethodim in paraffinic oil rather than water. Johnsongrass control 10 wk after treatment was better with clethodim at 28 g ha –1 applied in paraffinic oil than when applied in soybean oil, cottonseed oil, No. 2 diesel fuel, kerosene, or jet A fuel. Low air pressures of 14 or 28 kPa resulted in better control of johnsongrass and barnyardgrass than higher pressures of 56 and 112 kPa. Clethodim, fluazifop-P, haloxyfop, quizalofop, or sethoxydim were more effective on johnsongrass and barnyardgrass when applied in paraffinic oil than in water at 2.3 and 4.7 L ha –1 with an air-assist sprayer.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Clethodim at 28, 56 and 112 g/ha in paraffinic oil at 2.3 L/ha controlled johnsongrass better at 10 weeks than equivalent rates in water at 2.3 or 187 L/ha.
- Taxon
- soybeans
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- Clethodim at 28, 56, and 112 g ha –1 applied in paraffinic oil at 2.3 L ha –1e0
- Interactor
- johnsongrass
.jpg?width=60)
Sorghum halepensee0weed - Outcome
- controlled johnsongrasse0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- equivalent rates applied at 2.3 or 187 L ha –1 in watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Clethodim at 28, 56, and 112 g ha –1 applied in paraffinic oil at 2.3 L ha –1 controlled johnsongrass better 10 wk after treatment than equivalent rates applied at 2.3 or 187 L ha –1 in water”
e1“postemergence grass control in soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
At 2.3 L/ha, barnyardgrass control improved when clethodim was applied in paraffinic oil rather than water.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- clethodim in paraffinic oile0
- Interactor
- barnyardgrass
Echinochloa crus-gallie0weed - Outcome
- barnyardgrass controle0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 2.3 L ha –1 , barnyardgrass control was improved by applying clethodim in paraffinic oil rather than water”
e1“postemergence grass control in soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Johnsongrass control at 10 weeks was better with clethodim at 28 g/ha in paraffinic oil than in soybean oil, cottonseed oil, No. 2 diesel fuel, kerosene, or jet A fuel.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- clethodim at 28 g ha –1 applied in paraffinic oile0
- Interactor
- JohnsongrassSorghum halepensee0weed
- Outcome
- Johnsongrass controle0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- soybean oil, cottonseed oil, No. 2 diesel fuel, kerosene, or jet A fuele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Johnsongrass control 10 wk after treatment was better with clethodim at 28 g ha –1 applied in paraffinic oil than when applied in soybean oil, cottonseed oil, No. 2 diesel fuel, kerosene, or jet A fuel”
e1“postemergence grass control in soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Low air pressures of 14 or 28 kPa gave better control of johnsongrass and barnyardgrass than 56 and 112 kPa.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Low air pressures of 14 or 28 kPae0
- Interactor
- johnsongrassSorghum halepensee0weed
- Second interactor
- barnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-gallie0weed
- Outcome
- control of johnsongrass and barnyardgrasse0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- higher pressures of 56 and 112 kPae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low air pressures of 14 or 28 kPa resulted in better control of johnsongrass and barnyardgrass than higher pressures of 56 and 112 kPa”
e1“postemergence grass control in soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Clethodim, fluazifop-P, haloxyfop, quizalofop and sethoxydim were more effective on johnsongrass and barnyardgrass in paraffinic oil than in water at 2.3 and 4.7 L/ha with an air-assist sprayer.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- paraffinic oile0
- Interactor
- johnsongrassSorghum halepensee0weed
- Second interactor
- barnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-gallie0weed
- Outcome
- effective on johnsongrass and barnyardgrasse0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Clethodim, fluazifop-P, haloxyfop, quizalofop, or sethoxydim were more effective on johnsongrass and barnyardgrass when applied in paraffinic oil than in water at 2.3 and 4.7 L ha –1 with an air-assist sprayer”
e1“postemergence grass control in soybeans”
The same questions in other papers
clethodim · Sorghum halepense · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
clethodim · Echinochloa crus-galli · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.