Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND Because herbicide resistance evolves in very large populations over periods of many years, modelling is an important tool for investigating the dynamics of the problem. The Diversity model tracks the simultaneous evolution of resistance to multiple herbicides, using multiple genetic pathways, in several weed species at once. Tracking multiple species and simultaneous resistances is an important development in resistance modelling. We used the Diversity model to test weed management strategies for new cropping cotton varieties with multiple herbicide tolerances (‘triple‐stacked’ varieties), in an Australian context. RESULTS The diversity required for long‐term control of three key weeds in Australian cotton goes beyond using three herbicides, especially where there is already a substantial background of existing resistance to one or more of these herbicides. Assuming some glyphosate resistance is already present, simulations showed that glyphosate‐resistant summer grass populations reach 20 000 seeds m −2 within 12 years using the triple‐stack herbicides (glyphosate, glufosinate and dicamba) and a minimum of other tactics. Adding three pre‐emergent modes of action plus cultivation to the system effectively controls glyphosate‐resistant grasses for over 30 years. In conditions where resistance genes are as frequent as 1 in 100, however, highly fecund weeds such as Conyza bonariensis are hard to control beyond 15 years even with very highly diverse management. CONCLUSIONS Stacked herbicide tolerances in new crop varieties offers potential for increased herbicide diversity, but existing glyphosate‐resistant weed populations need substantial extra management beyond what a glyphosate/glufosinate/dicamba resistance stack provides. More diverse systems can provide robust management over 30 years in the absence of very high levels of background resistance to other herbicides. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Simulated glyphosate-resistant summer grass populations reach 20 000 seeds m −2 within 12 years under triple-stack herbicides and a minimum of other tactics.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Treatment
- herbicides (glyphosate, glufosinate and dicamba)e2
- Interactor
- summer grasse1weed
- Outcome
- summer grass populationse1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- 20 000 seeds m −2e1
- Qualifier
- within 12 yearse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We used the Diversity model to test weed management strategies for new cropping cotton varieties with multiple herbicide tolerances”
e1“summer grass populations reach 20 000 seeds m −2 within 12 years”
e2“herbicides (glyphosate, glufosinate and dicamba) and a minimum of other tactics”
Claim · model-written summary
Simulated pre-emergent modes of action plus cultivation effectively control glyphosate-resistant grasses for over 30 years in cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- modes of action plus cultivatione4
- Interactor
- grassese3weed
- Outcome
- grassese3
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede3
- Qualifier
- for over 30 yearse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We used the Diversity model to test weed management strategies for new cropping cotton varieties with multiple herbicide tolerances”
e3“grasses for over 30 years”
e4“modes of action plus cultivation to the system effectively controls”
Claim · model-written summary
In simulations with resistance genes as frequent as 1 in 100, Conyza bonariensis is hard to control beyond 15 years in cotton even with very highly diverse management.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Interactor
- Conyza bonariensis
Conyza bonariensise5weed - Outcome
- Conyza bonariensis are hard to control beyond 15 yearse5
- Qualifier
- even with very highly diverse managemente5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We used the Diversity model to test weed management strategies for new cropping cotton varieties with multiple herbicide tolerances”
e5“highly fecund weeds such as Conyza bonariensis are hard to control beyond 15 years even with very highly diverse management”
Claim · model-written summary
Management of three key weeds in Australian cotton needs more diversity than three herbicides.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume6
- Outcome
- control of three key weedse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“control of three key weeds in Australian cotton goes beyond using three herbicides”
Claim · model-written summary
More diverse systems can provide robust management of resistant weeds in cotton over 30 years when background resistance to other herbicides is low.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Outcome
- robust management over 30 yearse7
- Qualifier
- in the absence of very high levels of background resistance to other herbicidese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We used the Diversity model to test weed management strategies for new cropping cotton varieties with multiple herbicide tolerances”
e7“More diverse systems can provide robust management over 30 years in the absence of very high levels of background resistance to other herbicides”
The same questions in other papers
dicamba · pest · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
glyphosate · pest · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →glufosinate · pest · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
herbicide · pest · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.