Abstract
The aerial parts of terrestrial plants are covered with hydrophobic wax layers, which represent the primary barrier between plant cells and the environment and act to protect plants from abiotic and biotic stresses. Although total wax loads are precisely regulated in an environmental- or organ-specific manner, regulatory mechanisms underlying cuticular wax biosynthesis remain largely unknown. In this study, we characterized DEWAX2 (DECREASE WAX BIOSYNTHESIS2) which encodes an APETALA 2 (AP2)/ethylene response element-binding factor (ERF)-type transcription factor and is predominantly expressed in young seedlings, and rosette and cauline leaves. Total wax loads increased by approximately 12% and 16% in rosette and cauline leaves of dewax2, respectively, but were not significantly altered in the stems of dewax2 relative to the wild type (WT). The excess wax phenotype of dewax2 leaves was rescued upon expression of DEWAX2 driven by its own promoter. Overexpression of DEWAX2 decreased total wax loads by approximately 15% and 26% in the stems and rosette leaves compared with those of the WT, respectively. DEWAX2:eYFP (enhanced yellow fluorescent protein) was localized to the nucleus in Arabidopsis roots and hypocotyls. DEWAX2 possessed transcriptional repression activity in tobacco protoplasts. Transcriptome and quantitative real-time PCR analyses showed that the transcript levels of CER1, ACLA2, LACS1, LACS2 and KCS12 were down-regulated in DEWAX2 overexpression lines compared with the WT. Transient transcriptional assays showed that DEWAX2 represses the expression of its putative target genes. Quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR revealed that DEWAX2 binds directly to the GCC motifs of the LACS1, LACS2, KCS12 and CER1 promoters. These results suggest that DEWAX2-mediated transcriptional repression may contribute to the total wax load in Arabidopsis leaves.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
DEWAX2 is predominantly expressed in young seedlings and leaves.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Organ / stage
- young seedlings, and rosette and cauline leavese0
- Gene
- DEWAX2e0
- Outcome
- predominantly expressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis Leaves”
e0“DEWAX2 (DECREASE WAX BIOSYNTHESIS2) which encodes an APETALA 2 (AP2)/ethylene response element-binding factor (ERF)-type transcription factor and is predominantly expressed in young seedlings, and rosette and cauline leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
dewax2 rosette leaf wax loads increased approximately 12% relative to wild type.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- dewax2e0
- Organ / stage
- rosettee0
- Treatment
- dewax2e0
- Outcome
- Total wax loadse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- approximately 12%e0
- Comparator
- wild type (WT)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis Leaves”
e0“Total wax loads increased by approximately 12% and 16% in rosette and cauline leaves of dewax2, respectively, but were not significantly altered in the stems of dewax2 relative to the wild type (WT)”
Claim · model-written summary
dewax2 cauline leaf wax loads increased approximately 16% relative to wild type.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- dewax2e0
- Organ / stage
- cauline leavese0
- Treatment
- dewax2e0
- Outcome
- Total wax loadse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 16%e0
- Comparator
- wild type (WT)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis Leaves”
e0“Total wax loads increased by approximately 12% and 16% in rosette and cauline leaves of dewax2, respectively, but were not significantly altered in the stems of dewax2 relative to the wild type (WT)”
Claim · model-written summary
dewax2 stem wax loads were not significantly altered relative to wild type.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- dewax2e0
- Outcome
- stems of dewax2e0
- Direction
- not significantly alterede0
- Comparator
- wild type (WT)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis Leaves”
e0“were not significantly altered in the stems of dewax2 relative to the wild type (WT)”
Claim · model-written summary
Expressing DEWAX2 from its own promoter rescued excess leaf wax in dewax2.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- expression of DEWAX2 driven by its own promotere0
- Outcome
- excess wax phenotypee0
- Direction
- rescuede0
- Comparator
- dewax2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis Leaves”
e0“The excess wax phenotype of dewax2 leaves was rescued upon expression of DEWAX2 driven by its own promoter”
Claim · model-written summary
DEWAX2 overexpression lowered stem wax load approximately 15% versus wild type.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- stemse0
- Treatment
- Overexpression of DEWAX2e0
- Outcome
- total wax loadse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- approximately 15%e0
- Comparator
- WTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis Leaves”
e0“Overexpression of DEWAX2 decreased total wax loads by approximately 15% and 26% in the stems and rosette leaves compared with those of the WT, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
DEWAX2 overexpression lowered rosette leaf wax load approximately 26% versus wild type.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- rosette leavese0
- Treatment
- Overexpression of DEWAX2e0
- Outcome
- total wax loadse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 26%e0
- Comparator
- WTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis Leaves”
e0“Overexpression of DEWAX2 decreased total wax loads by approximately 15% and 26% in the stems and rosette leaves compared with those of the WT, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
DEWAX2:eYFP localized to nuclei in roots and hypocotyls.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Organ / stage
- roots and hypocotylse0
- Gene
- DEWAX2:eYFPe0
- Outcome
- localized to the nucleuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DEWAX2:eYFP (enhanced yellow fluorescent protein) was localized to the nucleus in Arabidopsis roots and hypocotyls”
Claim · model-written summary
DEWAX2 showed transcriptional repression in tobacco protoplasts.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Organ / stage
- protoplastse0
- Gene
- DEWAX2e0
- Outcome
- transcriptional repression activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DEWAX2 possessed transcriptional repression activity in tobacco protoplasts”
Claim · model-written summary
DEWAX2 overexpression down-regulated five wax-related transcripts versus wild type.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- DEWAX2 overexpression linese0
- Gene
- CER1, ACLA2, LACS1, LACS2 and KCS12e0
- Outcome
- transcript levelse0
- Direction
- down-regulatede0
- Comparator
- WTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis Leaves”
e0“the transcript levels of CER1, ACLA2, LACS1, LACS2 and KCS12 were down-regulated in DEWAX2 overexpression lines compared with the WT”
Claim · model-written summary
Transient assays showed DEWAX2 represses putative target gene expression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- DEWAX2e0
- Outcome
- represses the expression of its putative target genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis Leaves”
e0“DEWAX2 represses the expression of its putative target genes”
Claim · model-written summary
DEWAX2 directly binds GCC motifs of four promoters.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- DEWAX2e0
- Outcome
- binds directly to the GCC motifs of the LACS1, LACS2, KCS12 and CER1 promoterse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis Leaves”
e0“DEWAX2 binds directly to the GCC motifs of the LACS1, LACS2, KCS12 and CER1 promoters”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer DEWAX2 repression contributes to Arabidopsis leaf wax load.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Gene
- DEWAX2e0
- Outcome
- total wax loade0
- Qualifier
- transcriptional repressione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DEWAX2-mediated transcriptional repression may contribute to the total wax load in Arabidopsis leaves”
The same questions in other papers
transgenic · molecular: metabolites · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
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- no effect
- positive
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