Abstract
Azospirillum brasilense is one of plant growth promoting bacteria used to improve plant growth and grain yield of cereal crops. The level of inoculation response is defined by complex plant-microorganism interactions, many of them still unknown. Thus, we evaluated both agronomic response and microbial ecology of wheat crop under A. brasilense inoculation and nitrogen fertilization at field conditions in order to improve inoculation efficiency. Treatments were: control, nitrogen fertilization and inoculation with 40M and 42M strains. Functional and structural diversity of rhizosphere bacterial communities were evaluated by community-level physiological and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism profiles. Besides, aerial biomass, grain yield and counts of microaerophilic diazotrophic rhizobacteria were determined. Plant ontogeny modified the number of culturable microaerophilic diazotrophic rhizobacteria. Although agronomic response did not show differences, plant ontogeny and the agricultural practices modified both physiology and genetic structure of rhizosphere microbial communities. Interestingly, these differences due to the treatments were observed at jointing stage but not at grain-filling stage of wheat. Our results demonstrate how different management decisions can change plant- microorganism relationships. While wheat could not show differences between some agricultural treatments, under the soil surface microbial communities could show them.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with A. brasilense strains 40M and 42M, or nitrogen fertilization, did not change the agronomic response of field wheat compared with control.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume2 - Treatment
- inoculation with 40M and 42M strainse1
- Interactor
- A. brasilense
Azospirillum brasilensee2symbiont - Outcome
- agronomic responsee0
- Direction
- did not show differencese0
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- field conditionse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although agronomic response did not show differences”
e1“Treatments were: control, nitrogen fertilization and inoculation with 40M and 42M strains”
e2“we evaluated both agronomic response and microbial ecology of wheat crop under A. brasilense inoculation and nitrogen fertilization at field conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant ontogeny modified the number of culturable microaerophilic diazotrophic rhizobacteria in the wheat rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- Plant ontogenye3
- Interactor
- diazotrophic rhizobacteriae3symbiont
- Outcome
- number of culturable microaerophilic diazotrophic rhizobacteriae3
- Direction
- modifiede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“we evaluated both agronomic response and microbial ecology of wheat crop under A. brasilense inoculation and nitrogen fertilization at field conditions”
e3“Plant ontogeny modified the number of culturable microaerophilic diazotrophic rhizobacteria”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant ontogeny and agricultural practices modified both physiology and genetic structure of rhizosphere microbial communities of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- agricultural practicese4
- Interactor
- rhizosphere microbial communitiese4symbiont
- Outcome
- physiology and genetic structure of rhizosphere microbial communitiese4
- Direction
- modifiede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“we evaluated both agronomic response and microbial ecology of wheat crop under A. brasilense inoculation and nitrogen fertilization at field conditions”
e4“plant ontogeny and the agricultural practices modified both physiology and genetic structure of rhizosphere microbial communities”
Claim · model-written summary
Differences in rhizosphere microbial communities due to the treatments were observed at jointing stage but not at grain-filling stage of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Organ / stage
- jointing stagee5
- Outcome
- differences due to the treatmentse5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“these differences due to the treatments were observed at jointing stage but not at grain-filling stage of wheat”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · Azospirillum brasilense · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
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