Abstract
This study was conducted to clarify the effect of irrigation with different levels of sea water on the germination, growth and metabolites of Jojoba (Simmondisia chinensis) at two periods (four weeks and six weeks) of growth. The results were summarized as following: The germination of jojoba seeds was affected negatively by seawater treatments, whereas the concentration of 25% stimulated this germination. At the two periods of growth, the result were the same. Leaf area was a gradual decrease in leaf area and recorded the smaller area at concentration of 100% which reached 0.047cm2 and consequently the water content and fresh and dry weight showed a gradual decrease as compared to the control. The pigments content (Chl.a, Chl.b, Chl.a/b and carotenoids) reduced at all levels of treatments as compared to the control. Whereas, total soluble salts (TSS), relative leakage ratio (RLR) and electrical conductivity (EC) were increased .Results of soluble, non-soluble and total carbohydrates described a clear evidence of increase accumulation of carbohydrates Simmondisia chinensis as compared to the control . Also, proline contents increased in shoots and roots of Simmondisia chinensis by treatment with sea water concentrations. The elements (Ca, K and Mg) content were influenced by using different salinity levels of sea water in shoot and root of simmondisia chinensis plants. The results also showed decreased of elements content gradually with increasing salinity as compared to the control. The activity of catalase has been increased as seawater levels 25% and 75% ,while this activity decline at high levels 50 % and 100% as compared to control plants. Also, peroxidase activity decreased in all the treatment with increase salinity of seawater as compared to control. Protein patterns of Simmondisia chinensis plant leaves were monitored by PAGE technique. Out of 28 coommassie stainable bands, 10 bands showed significant responses to seawater stress treatments. Ten proteins showing high induction after salt stress were similar to general stress proteins. Ten inducible proteins visualized of molecular mass 56, 36 ,43, 33, 32, 27, 25, 24, 23, 21 and 20 Kds. Bands of Mw 56 appeared at the three seawater level treatments during vegetative stage.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Seawater treatments generally reduced jojoba germination.
- Taxon
- jojoba
Simmondsia chinensise0 - Treatment
- seawater treatmentse0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- negativelye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The germination of jojoba seeds was affected negatively by seawater treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
A 25% seawater concentration stimulated jojoba germination.
- Taxon
- JOJOBASimmondsia chinensist0
- Treatment
- concentration of 25%e0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the concentration of 25% stimulated this germination”
t0“JOJOBA”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf area declined with seawater concentration, reaching 0.047cm2 at 100%.
- Taxon
- JOJOBASimmondsia chinensist0
- Treatment
- concentration of 100%e0
- Outcome
- Leaf areae0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 0.047cm2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf area was a gradual decrease in leaf area and recorded the smaller area at concentration of 100% which reached 0.047cm2”
t0“JOJOBA”
Claim · model-written summary
Water content declined relative to control with increasing seawater.
- Taxon
- JOJOBASimmondsia chinensist0
- Outcome
- water contente0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water content and fresh and dry weight showed a gradual decrease as compared to the control”
t0“JOJOBA”
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh and dry weight declined relative to control.
- Taxon
- JOJOBASimmondsia chinensist0
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fresh and dry weight showed a gradual decrease as compared to the control”
t0“JOJOBA”
Claim · model-written summary
Pigment content fell at all seawater levels relative to control.
- Taxon
- JOJOBASimmondsia chinensist0
- Treatment
- all levels of treatmentse0
- Outcome
- pigments content (Chl.a, Chl.b, Chl.a/b and carotenoids)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pigments content (Chl.a, Chl.b, Chl.a/b and carotenoids) reduced at all levels of treatments as compared to the control.”
t0“JOJOBA”
Claim · model-written summary
Total soluble salts, leakage ratio and electrical conductivity increased.
- Taxon
- JOJOBASimmondsia chinensist0
- Outcome
- total soluble salts (TSS), relative leakage ratio (RLR) and electrical conductivity (EC)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total soluble salts (TSS), relative leakage ratio (RLR) and electrical conductivity (EC) were increased”
t0“JOJOBA”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble, non-soluble and total carbohydrates accumulated relative to control.
- Taxon
- Simmondisia chinensise0
- Outcome
- soluble, non-soluble and total carbohydratese0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Not reportedTreatment
Verbatim
e0“soluble, non-soluble and total carbohydrates described a clear evidence of increase accumulation of carbohydrates Simmondisia chinensis as compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Seawater increased proline in shoots and roots.
- Taxon
- Simmondisia chinensise0
- Organ / stage
- shoots and rootse0
- Treatment
- sea water concentrationse0
- Outcome
- proline contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“proline contents increased in shoots and roots of Simmondisia chinensis by treatment with sea water concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot and root Ca, K and Mg content declined as salinity rose.
Verbatim
e0“The elements (Ca, K and Mg) content were influenced by using different salinity levels of sea water in shoot and root of simmondisia chinensis plants. The results also showed decreased of elements content gradually with increasing salinity as compared to the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Catalase activity increased at 25% and 75% seawater.
- Taxon
- JOJOBASimmondsia chinensist0
- Treatment
- seawater levels 25% and 75%e0
- Outcome
- activity of catalasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activity of catalase has been increased as seawater levels 25% and 75%”
t0“JOJOBA”
Claim · model-written summary
Catalase activity declined at 50% and 100% seawater relative to controls.
- Taxon
- JOJOBASimmondsia chinensist0
- Treatment
- high levels 50 % and 100%e0
- Outcome
- activity of catalasee1
- Direction
- declinee0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this activity decline at high levels 50 % and 100% as compared to control plants”
e1“The activity of catalase has been increased”
t0“JOJOBA”
Claim · model-written summary
Peroxidase activity decreased with salinity relative to control.
- Taxon
- JOJOBASimmondsia chinensist0
- Treatment
- increase salinity of seawatere0
- Outcome
- peroxidase activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“peroxidase activity decreased in all the treatment with increase salinity of seawater as compared to control”
t0“JOJOBA”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten of 28 leaf protein bands responded significantly to seawater stress.
- Taxon
- Simmondisia chinensise1
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- seawater stress treatmentse0
- Outcome
- coommassie stainable bandse0
- Value
- 10 bandse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Out of 28 coommassie stainable bands, 10 bands showed significant responses to seawater stress treatments.”
e1“Protein patterns of Simmondisia chinensis plant leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten proteins were highly induced after salt stress.
- Taxon
- JOJOBASimmondsia chinensist0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- proteinse0
- Direction
- high inductione0
- Value
- Ten proteinse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ten proteins showing high induction after salt stress were similar to general stress proteins.”
t0“JOJOBA”
Claim · model-written summary
A 56 molecular weight band appeared at three seawater levels during vegetative growth.
- Taxon
- JOJOBASimmondsia chinensist0
- Organ / stage
- vegetative stagee0
- Treatment
- three seawater level treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Bands of Mw 56 appearede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bands of Mw 56 appeared at the three seawater level treatments during vegetative stage.”
t0“JOJOBA”