Abstract
Plant survival depends on the ability of roots to sense and acquire nutrients in soils, which harbor a rich diversity of microbes. A subset of this microcosm interacts with plant roots and collectively forms root-associated microbial communities, termed the root microbiota. Under phosphorus-limiting conditions, some plants can engage in mutualistic interactions, for example with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Here, we describe how Arabidopsis thaliana, which lacks the genetic capacity for establishing the aforementioned symbiosis, interacts with soil-resident bacteria and fungi in soil from a long-term phosphorus fertilization trial. Long-term, contrasting fertilization regimes resulted in an ∼6-fold and ∼2.4-fold disparity in bioavailable and total phosphorous, respectively, which may explain differences in biomass of A. thaliana plants. Sequencing of marker genes enabled us to characterize bacterial and fungal communities present in the bulk soil, rhizosphere, and root compartments. Phosphorus had little effect on alpha- or beta-diversity indices, but more strongly influences bacterial and fungal community shifts in plant-associated compartments compared with bulk soil. The significant impact of soil P abundance could only be resolved at operational taxonomic unit level, and these subtle differences are more pronounced in the root compartment. We conclude that despite decades of different fertilization, both bacterial and fungal soil communities remained unexpectedly stable in soils tested, suggesting that the soil biota is resilient over time to nutrient supplementation. Conversely, low-abundance, root-associated microbes, which collectively represent 2 to 3% of the relative abundance of bacteria and fungi in the roots, exhibited a subtle, yet significant shift between the two soils. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Contrasting fertilization produced approximately six-fold disparity in bioavailable phosphorus.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae1 - Outcome
- bioavailablee0
- Value
- ∼6-folde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Long-term, contrasting fertilization regimes resulted in an ∼6-fold and ∼2.4-fold disparity in bioavailable and total phosphorous, respectively”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Contrasting fertilization produced approximately 2.4-fold disparity in total phosphorus.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Outcome
- total phosphorouse0
- Value
- ∼2.4-folde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Long-term, contrasting fertilization regimes resulted in an ∼6-fold and ∼2.4-fold disparity in bioavailable and total phosphorous, respectively”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
The phosphorus disparity may explain differences in Arabidopsis biomass.
- Taxon
- A. thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- fertilization regimese1
- Outcome
- biomass of A. thaliana plantse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which may explain differences in biomass of A. thaliana plants”
e1“Long-term, contrasting fertilization regimes resulted in an ∼6-fold and ∼2.4-fold disparity in bioavailable and total phosphorous”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus had little effect on alpha- and beta-diversity indices.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- Phosphoruse0
- Outcome
- alpha- or beta-diversity indicese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphorus had little effect on alpha- or beta-diversity indices”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus influenced bacterial and fungal community shifts more strongly in plant-associated compartments than bulk soil.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Organ / stage
- plant-associated compartmentse0
- Treatment
- Phosphoruse0
- Outcome
- bacterial and fungal community shiftse0
- Direction
- more stronglye0
- Comparator
- bulk soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphorus had little effect on alpha- or beta-diversity indices, but more strongly influences bacterial and fungal community shifts in plant-associated compartments compared with bulk soil”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil phosphorus impacts were resolved only at operational taxonomic unit level and were more pronounced in roots.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Organ / stage
- root compartmente0
- Outcome
- impact of soil P abundancee0
- Direction
- more pronouncede0
- Qualifier
- operational taxonomic unit levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant impact of soil P abundance could only be resolved at operational taxonomic unit level, and these subtle differences are more pronounced in the root compartment”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial and fungal soil communities remained stable after decades of different fertilization.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Outcome
- bacterial and fungal soil communitiese0
- Direction
- remained unexpectedly stablee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“despite decades of different fertilization, both bacterial and fungal soil communities remained unexpectedly stable in soils tested”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-abundance root-associated microbes, 2 to 3% of root bacteria and fungi, shifted significantly between soils.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- root-associated microbese0
- Value
- 2 to 3%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low-abundance, root-associated microbes, which collectively represent 2 to 3% of the relative abundance of bacteria and fungi in the roots, exhibited a subtle, yet significant shift between the two soils”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
The same questions in other papers
phosphorus · molecular: metabolites · Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)Positive and negative results
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