Abstract
Herbicides pose a significant threat to the natural environment, in particular in soils that are most exposed to plant protection agents. Prolonged herbicide use leads to changes in soil metabolism and decreases soil productive potential. In this study, the influence of carfentrazone-ethyl (CE) on the microbiological and biochemical properties of soil and the yield of Triticum aestivum L. was evaluated. Carfentrazone-ethyl was applied to sandy loam (pHKCl – 7.0) in doses of 0.000, 0.264, 5.280, 10.56, 21.18, 42.24, 84.48 and 168.96 µg kg−1 DM soil. Soil samples were subjected to microbiological and biochemical analyses on experimental days 30 and 60. Carfentrazone-ethyl disrupted the biological equilibrium in soil by decreasing the abundance and biodiversity of soil-dwelling microorganisms, the activity of soil enzymes, the values of the biochemical activity indicator and spring wheat yields. Carfentrazone-ethyl had the most adverse effects when applied in doses many fold higher than those recommended by the manufacturer. The toxic effects of CE were also determined by its soil retention time. Soil treated with CE was characterized by higher counts of oligotrophic bacteria, organotrophic bacteria, bacteria of the genus Azotobacter, actinomycetes and fungi on day 60, and spore-forming oligotrophic bacteria on day 30. The activity of dehydrogenases, urease, alkaline phosphatase and β-glucosidase was higher on day 30 than on day 60.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Carfentrazone-ethyl reduced spring wheat yield.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- Carfentrazone-ethyle0
- Outcome
- spring wheat yieldse0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carfentrazone-ethyl disrupted the biological equilibrium in soil by decreasing the abundance and biodiversity of soil-dwelling microorganisms, the activity of soil enzymes, the values of the biochemical activity indicator and spring wheat yields”
e1“Triticum aestivum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Carfentrazone-ethyl reduced abundance and biodiversity of soil microorganisms.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Carfentrazone-ethyle0
- Outcome
- abundance and biodiversity of soil-dwelling microorganismse0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carfentrazone-ethyl disrupted the biological equilibrium in soil by decreasing the abundance and biodiversity of soil-dwelling microorganisms, the activity of soil enzymes, the values of the biochemical activity indicator and spring wheat yields”
e1“Triticum aestivum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Carfentrazone-ethyl reduced soil enzyme activity and the biochemical activity indicator.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Carfentrazone-ethyle0
- Outcome
- activity of soil enzymes, the values of the biochemical activity indicatore0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carfentrazone-ethyl disrupted the biological equilibrium in soil by decreasing the abundance and biodiversity of soil-dwelling microorganisms, the activity of soil enzymes, the values of the biochemical activity indicator and spring wheat yields”
e1“Triticum aestivum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Carfentrazone-ethyl had its strongest adverse effects at doses many times above recommendations.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Carfentrazone-ethyle0
- Outcome
- most adverse effectse0
- Direction
- most adversee0
- Qualifier
- doses many fold higher than those recommended by the manufacturere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carfentrazone-ethyl had the most adverse effects when applied in doses many fold higher than those recommended by the manufacturer”
e1“Triticum aestivum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Toxic effects of carfentrazone-ethyl varied with soil retention time.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- CEe0
- Outcome
- toxic effects of CEe0
- Qualifier
- soil retention timee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The toxic effects of CE were also determined by its soil retention time”
e1“Triticum aestivum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
CE-treated soil had higher counts of several bacterial groups, actinomycetes, and fungi on day 60.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- CEe0
- Outcome
- counts of oligotrophic bacteria, organotrophic bacteria, bacteria of the genus Azotobacter, actinomycetes and fungie0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- day 60e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil treated with CE was characterized by higher counts of oligotrophic bacteria, organotrophic bacteria, bacteria of the genus Azotobacter, actinomycetes and fungi on day 60”
e1“Triticum aestivum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
CE-treated soil had higher counts of spore-forming oligotrophic bacteria on day 30.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- CEe1
- Outcome
- spore-forming oligotrophic bacteriae0
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- day 30e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spore-forming oligotrophic bacteria on day 30”
e1“Soil treated with CE was characterized by higher counts of oligotrophic bacteria”
e2“Triticum aestivum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Dehydrogenases, urease, alkaline phosphatase, and beta-glucosidase activities were higher on day 30 than day 60.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- activity of dehydrogenases, urease, alkaline phosphatase and β-glucosidasee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- day 30e0
- Comparator
- day 60e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activity of dehydrogenases, urease, alkaline phosphatase and β-glucosidase was higher on day 30 than on day 60”
e1“Triticum aestivum L.”
The same questions in other papers
carfentrazone-ethyl · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 19 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
19 papers more in this group
See all 23 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.