Abstract
Background, the context and purpose of the study: Pendimethalin [N-(1-ethyl propyl)-2, 6-dinitro-3, 4 xylidine] is one of the most commonly used herbicides. It induces harmful effect on non-target plants besides controlling the weed emergence. Salicylic acid (SA) plays an important role in abiotic stress tolerance. Present study was to assess the comparative efficacy of SA in combination with different concentrations of pendimethalin on black gram (Vigna mungo). The seeds of test plant were treated with field relevant concentrations (2, 5 and 10 ppm) of pendimethalin (P) and in combination with SA (0.5 mM) to observe effect of SA against herbicide toxicity. Experiment was performed in petri dish as well as in pot culture. The toxic effect of pendimethalin and SA on seed germination (SG), radicle length (RL) and mitotic index (MI) was evaluated in petri dish culture. Seedling height, pigments, protein, sugar contents and lipid peroxidation (LP) of 15 days old seedling were measured in pot culture. Total antioxidants (TA) were monitored as plant defence against oxidative stress. Results, the main findings: Results showed that SG and seedling growth of Vigna mungo decreased under P1, P2 and P3 treatments. RL and MI were also reduced significantly (p<0.05) in treatments with herbicide and reduction was more pronounced in P3 treatment. A slight increase of SG and seedling growth was observed in P2 treatment compared to P1. Herbicide treatment remarkably declined pigment, protein and sugar contents of the seedlings when compared with control. TA and malondialdehyde (MDA) content increase significantly under pendimethalin treated seedlings. Combined treatment (P+SA) elevated growth of the seedlings. As a consequence of herbicidal stress, SA enhanced SG, RL, MI, pigment, protein and sugar content significantly. Under combined treatments,LP and TA were decreased when compared with pendimethalin treatment. Conclusions, brief summary and potential implications: SA enhanced growth of Vigna mungo not only in combination with pendimethalin but also in treatment with SA alone as compared to control. Thus the results reveal, the role of SA in protection of Vigna mungo against herbicidal stress is apparent. The results are discussed in light of recent information.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin reduced seed germination and seedling growth.
- Taxon
- black gram
Vigna mungot0 - Treatment
- P1, P2 and P3 treatmentse0
- Outcome
- SG and seedling growthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SG and seedling growth of Vigna mungo decreased under P1, P2 and P3 treatments”
t0“black gram (Vigna mungo)”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide treatment significantly reduced radicle length and mitotic index, especially P3.
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungot0
- Treatment
- treatments with herbicidee0
- Outcome
- RL and MIe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- P3 treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RL and MI were also reduced significantly (p<0.05) in treatments with herbicide and reduction was more pronounced in P3 treatment”
t0“black gram (Vigna mungo)”
Claim · model-written summary
P2 slightly increased germination and seedling growth compared with P1.
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungot0
- Treatment
- P2 treatmente0
- Outcome
- SG and seedling growthe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- P1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A slight increase of SG and seedling growth was observed in P2 treatment compared to P1”
t0“black gram (Vigna mungo)”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide treatment reduced seedling pigment, protein, and sugar content versus control.
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungot0
- Treatment
- Herbicide treatmente0
- Outcome
- pigment, protein and sugar contentse0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Herbicide treatment remarkably declined pigment, protein and sugar contents of the seedlings when compared with control”
t0“black gram (Vigna mungo)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin significantly increased total antioxidants and malondialdehyde.
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungot0
- Treatment
- pendimethaline0
- Outcome
- TA and malondialdehyde (MDA) contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TA and malondialdehyde (MDA) content increase significantly under pendimethalin treated seedlings”
t0“black gram (Vigna mungo)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined pendimethalin and salicylic acid treatment increased seedling growth.
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungot0
- Treatment
- Combined treatment (P+SA)e0
- Outcome
- growth of the seedlingse0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined treatment (P+SA) elevated growth of the seedlings”
t0“black gram (Vigna mungo)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid significantly increased germination, radicle length, and mitotic index under herbicide stress.
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungot0
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Outcome
- SG, RL, MIe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA enhanced SG, RL, MI, pigment, protein and sugar content significantly”
t0“black gram (Vigna mungo)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid significantly increased seedling pigment, protein, and sugar content under herbicide stress.
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungot0
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Outcome
- pigment, protein and sugar contente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA enhanced SG, RL, MI, pigment, protein and sugar content significantly”
t0“black gram (Vigna mungo)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment reduced lipid peroxidation and total antioxidants versus pendimethalin alone.
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungot0
- Treatment
- combined treatmentse0
- Outcome
- LP and TAe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- pendimethalin treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under combined treatments,LP and TA were decreased when compared with pendimethalin treatment”
t0“black gram (Vigna mungo)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid alone increased black gram growth versus control.
- Taxon
- black gramVigna mungot0
- Treatment
- SA alonee0
- Outcome
- growth of Vigna mungoe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA enhanced growth of Vigna mungo not only in combination with pendimethalin but also in treatment with SA alone as compared to control”
t0“black gram (Vigna mungo)”
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See all 18 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.