Abstract
Verticillium dahliae isolates are most virulent on the host from which they were originally isolated. Mechanisms underlying these dominant host adaptations are currently unknown. We sequenced the genome of V. dahliae Vd991, which is highly virulent on its original host, cotton, and performed comparisons with the reference genomes of JR2 (from tomato) and VdLs.17 (from lettuce). Pathogenicity-related factor prediction, orthology and multigene family classification, transcriptome analyses, phylogenetic analyses, and pathogenicity experiments were performed. The Vd991 genome harbored several exclusive, lineage-specific (LS) genes within LS regions (LSRs). Deletion mutants of the seven genes within one LSR (G-LSR2) in Vd991 were less virulent only on cotton. Integration of G-LSR2 genes individually into JR2 and VdLs.17 resulted in significantly enhanced virulence on cotton but did not affect virulence on tomato or lettuce. Transcription levels of the seven LS genes in Vd991 were higher during the early stages of cotton infection, as compared with other hosts. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that G-LSR2 was acquired from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum through horizontal gene transfer. Our results provide evidence that horizontal gene transfer from Fusarium to Vd991 contributed significantly to its adaptation to cotton and may represent a significant mechanism in the evolution of an asexual plant pathogen.
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Claims 3
Claim · model-written summary
Deleting seven G-LSR2 genes reduced Verticillium virulence on cotton.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Treatment
- Deletion mutants of the seven genes within one LSR (G-LSR2)e0
- Interactor
- Vd991e0pathogen
- Outcome
- virulente0
- Direction
- lesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deletion mutants of the seven genes within one LSR (G-LSR2) in Vd991 were less virulent only on cotton.”
Claim · model-written summary
Introducing G-LSR2 genes increased virulence on cotton but not tomato or lettuce.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Integration of G-LSR2 genes individually into JR2 and VdLs.17e0
- Outcome
- virulencee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Integration of G-LSR2 genes individually into JR2 and VdLs.17 resulted in significantly enhanced virulence on cotton but did not affect virulence on tomato or lettuce.”
Claim · model-written summary
Vd991 LS genes were more highly transcribed during early cotton infection than infection of other hosts.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Outcome
- Transcription levelse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other hostse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transcription levels of the seven LS genes in Vd991 were higher during the early stages of cotton infection, as compared with other hosts.”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · disease · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
23 papers in the same direction as this paper · 60 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
80 papers more in this group
See all 84 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.