Abstract
Bacterial spot, caused by Xanthomonas spp., is a widespread and damaging bacterial disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). For disease management, growers rely on copper bactericides, which are often ineffective due to the presence of copper-tolerant Xanthomonas strains. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of the new copper composites core-shell copper (CS-Cu), multivalent copper (MV-Cu), and fixed quaternary ammonium copper (FQ-Cu) as potential alternatives to commercially available micron-sized copper bactericides for controlling copper-tolerant Xanthomonas perforans. In vitro, metallic copper from CS-Cu and FQ-Cu at 100 μg/ml killed the copper-tolerant X. perforans strain within 1 h of exposure. In contrast, none of the micron-sized copper rates (100 to 1,000 μg/ml) from Kocide 3000 significantly reduced copper-tolerant X. perforans populations after 48 h of exposure compared with the water control (P < 0.05). All copper-based treatments killed the copper-sensitive X. perforans strain within 1 h. Greenhouse studies demonstrated that all copper composites significantly reduced bacterial spot disease severity when compared with copper-mancozeb and water controls (P < 0.05). Although there was no significant impact on yield, copper composites significantly reduced disease severity when compared with water controls, using 80% less metallic copper in comparison with copper-mancozeb in field studies (P < 0.05). This study highlights the discovery that copper composites have the potential to manage copper-tolerant X. perforans and tomato bacterial spot.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
CS-Cu and FQ-Cu killed copper tolerant X. perforans within one hour in vitro.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- CS-Cu and FQ-Cu at 100 μg/mle0
- Interactor
- X. perforansXanthomonas perforanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- killed the copper-tolerant X. perforans straine0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“metallic copper from CS-Cu and FQ-Cu at 100 μg/ml killed the copper-tolerant X. perforans strain within 1 h of exposure”
t0“disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Kocide 3000 did not significantly reduce tolerant X. perforans populations after 48 hours.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Kocide 3000e0
- Interactor
- X. perforansXanthomonas perforanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- copper-tolerant X. perforans populationse0
- Direction
- nonee0
- Comparator
- water controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“none of the micron-sized copper rates (100 to 1,000 μg/ml) from Kocide 3000 significantly reduced copper-tolerant X. perforans populations after 48 h of exposure compared with the water control”
t0“disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)”
Claim · model-written summary
All copper treatments killed copper sensitive X. perforans within one hour.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- copper-based treatmentse0
- Interactor
- X. perforansXanthomonas perforanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- killed the copper-sensitive X. perforans straine0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All copper-based treatments killed the copper-sensitive X. perforans strain within 1 h”
t0“disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper composites reduced greenhouse bacterial spot severity versus copper mancozeb and water.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- all copper compositese0
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas spp.
_-_Howard_F._Schwartz%2C_Colorado_State_University.jpg?width=60)
Xanthomonast0pathogen - Outcome
- bacterial spot disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- copper-mancozeb and water controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_-_Howard_F._Schwartz%2C_Colorado_State_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“all copper composites significantly reduced bacterial spot disease severity when compared with copper-mancozeb and water controls”
t0“Bacterial spot, caused by Xanthomonas spp., is a widespread and damaging bacterial disease of tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper composites did not significantly affect field yield.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- copper compositest1
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- no significant impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no significant impact on yield”
t0“disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)”
t1“copper composites significantly reduced disease severity”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper composites reduced field disease severity against water using 80% less copper than copper mancozeb.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- copper compositese0
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas spp.Xanthomonast0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 80% less metallic coppere0
- Comparator
- water controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“copper composites significantly reduced disease severity when compared with water controls, using 80% less metallic copper in comparison with copper-mancozeb in field studies”
t0“Bacterial spot, caused by Xanthomonas spp., is a widespread and damaging bacterial disease of tomato”
The same questions in other papers
copper atom · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.