Abstract
Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata (L.) King & Robinson) usually grows in plantations, agricultural fields, pasture lands, wastelands and roadsides, where it leaves a lot of plant residues that are used either directly to crop fields for composting or for compost preparation. Authors hypothesized that plant debris of siam weed in the field soil might be detrimental to seedling emergence of crop species. The aqueous extracts of siam weed was tested on seed germination and seedling growth of four field crops namely, rice (Oryza sativa), groundnut (Arachis hypogea), chickpea (Cicer arientinum) and mustard (Brassica campestris). The effects of various plant parts of the weed (leaf, stem and root) at different concentrations (2.5, 3.5 and 4.0%) of the extracts on seed germination, patterns of root and shoot growth, and dry matter accumulation of selected crops were determined in a laboratory bioassay. Results revealed that all crops were significantly reduced in their growth by the allelopathic effects of the weed, average percent inhibition (API) ranged from 13.36 to 24.72%. Groundnut and rice were the mostly affected crops with 24.7% inhibition. Among the plant parts, leaf was most inhibitory (API = 24.39%) and the least effect was noticed by stem extract (API = 17.20%). The inhibitory effects were concentration dependent. A 4.0% extract of siam weed leaf extract was enough to reduce the growth of the crops by about 42%. Therefore, the presence of siam weed in crop field or incorporation of leaves of siam weed in the fields must be avoided.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Siam weed extracts significantly reduced growth of rice, groundnut, chickpea and mustard by 13.36 to 24.72%.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa), groundnut (Arachis hypogea), chickpea (Cicer arientinum) and mustard (Brassica campestris)
Arachis hypogaea
Cicer arietinum
Oryza sativa.jpg?width=60)
Brassica rapa subsp. oleiferae0 - Treatment
- allelopathic effects of the weede1
- Interactor
- SIAM WEED (CHROMOLAENA ODORATA (L.) KING & ROBINSON)t0weed
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 13.36 to 24.72%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“four field crops namely, rice (Oryza sativa), groundnut (Arachis hypogea), chickpea (Cicer arientinum) and mustard (Brassica campestris)”
e1“all crops were significantly reduced in their growth by the allelopathic effects of the weed, average percent inhibition (API) ranged from 13.36 to 24.72%”
t0“SIAM WEED (CHROMOLAENA ODORATA (L.) KING & ROBINSON)”
Claim · model-written summary
Groundnut and rice were most affected, with 24.7% inhibition.
- Taxon
- Groundnut and riceArachis hypogaeaOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- SIAM WEED (CHROMOLAENA ODORATA (L.) KING & ROBINSON)t0weed
- Outcome
- inhibitione0
- Direction
- mostly affectede0
- Value
- 24.7%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Groundnut and rice were the mostly affected crops with 24.7% inhibition”
t0“SIAM WEED (CHROMOLAENA ODORATA (L.) KING & ROBINSON)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf extract was most inhibitory, at 24.39% average inhibition.
- Taxon
- FOUR CROPSt0
- Treatment
- leafe0
- Interactor
- SIAM WEED (CHROMOLAENA ODORATA (L.) KING & ROBINSON)t0weed
- Outcome
- APIe0
- Direction
- most inhibitorye0
- Value
- 24.39%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“leaf was most inhibitory (API = 24.39%)”
t0“SIAM WEED (CHROMOLAENA ODORATA (L.) KING & ROBINSON) ON SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF FOUR CROPS”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem extract had the least effect, at 17.20% average inhibition.
- Taxon
- FOUR CROPSt0
- Treatment
- stem extracte0
- Interactor
- SIAM WEED (CHROMOLAENA ODORATA (L.) KING & ROBINSON)t0weed
- Outcome
- APIe0
- Direction
- leaste0
- Value
- 17.20%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“least effect was noticed by stem extract (API = 17.20%)”
t0“SIAM WEED (CHROMOLAENA ODORATA (L.) KING & ROBINSON) ON SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF FOUR CROPS”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibition depended on extract concentration.
- Taxon
- FOUR CROPSt0
- Treatment
- concentratione0
- Interactor
- SIAM WEED (CHROMOLAENA ODORATA (L.) KING & ROBINSON)t0weed
- Outcome
- inhibitory effectse0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The inhibitory effects were concentration dependent”
t0“SIAM WEED (CHROMOLAENA ODORATA (L.) KING & ROBINSON) ON SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF FOUR CROPS”
Claim · model-written summary
A 4.0% Siam weed leaf extract reduced crop growth by about 42%.
- Taxon
- the cropse0
- Treatment
- 4.0% extract of siam weed leaf extracte0
- Interactor
- siam weede0weed
- Outcome
- growth of the cropse0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Value
- about 42%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“A 4.0% extract of siam weed leaf extract was enough to reduce the growth of the crops by about 42%”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend avoiding Siam weed or its leaves in crop fields.
Verbatim
e0“the presence of siam weed in crop field or incorporation of leaves of siam weed in the fields must be avoided”
t0“FOUR CROPS”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.