Paper · 2012 · Mağallaẗ zirāʿaẗ al-rāfidayn

COMPARING THE PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT WEED CONTROL METHODS UNDER DRY LAND FARMINIG SYSTEMS IN NORTH IRAQ

K.E. allaaf

10
claims
18
verbatim quotes
0
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by

Abstract

Weed contol study on fallow field was condected during growing season 2009/2010 at field of agriculture college,Mosul university to determine the efficiency of different weed control methods (plowing by disk plow,sprayind paraquat herbicide,plowing and spraying), the frequency of controlling (once,twice) and the duration time of weed samples taken from the field (13 April,27April,11May) on narraw and broadleaf weed control in dry land farming,The results showed that a significant effect for treatment(disk plow+paraquat herbicide)and plowing by disk plow. They achieving highest weed control percentage for broadleaf and narrow weed were up to 99.12% ,98.93 % respectively, where it was noted a clear reduction for broadleaf weed density and dry weight up to zero plant/m2 and zero g/m2 ,Weed control by (disk plow + paraquat herbicide) gave lowest dry weight up to 0.22 g/m2 and density 1.83 plant/m2 for narrow weed.Plowing once by disk plow has surpassed significantly by achieving highest field efficiency for equipment 1.81 D/hr.The results also showed that controlling for twice time gave a significant decrease in weed density and dry weight and increasing weed control percentage with a significant decreas in actual productivity of the equipment while weed sampling in 13/April recorded highest weed dry weight and density but its̓ surpassed significantly by achieving highest weed controlling percentage up to 67.62%.

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Claims 10

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Disk plow plus paraquat herbicide gave the highest weed control percentage for broadleaf weed (99.12%).

Taxon
broadleaf and narrow weede1
Treatment
disk plow+paraquat herbicidee0
Outcome
weed control percentage for broadleafe1
Direction
higheste1
Value
99.12%e1
Comparator
plowing by disk plowe0

Verbatim

e0

“a significant effect for treatment(disk plow+paraquat herbicide)and plowing by disk plow”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 471–559 · show in text ↑
e1

“They achieving highest weed control percentage for broadleaf and narrow weed were up to 99.12% ,98.93 % respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 561–677 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Disk plow plus paraquat herbicide gave the highest weed control percentage for narrow weed (98.93%).

Taxon
broadleaf and narrow weede1
Treatment
disk plow+paraquat herbicidee0
Outcome
weed control percentagee1
Direction
higheste1
Value
98.93%e1
Comparator
plowing by disk plowe0

Verbatim

e0

“a significant effect for treatment(disk plow+paraquat herbicide)and plowing by disk plow”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 471–559 · show in text ↑
e1

“They achieving highest weed control percentage for broadleaf and narrow weed were up to 99.12% ,98.93 % respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 561–677 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Disk plow plus paraquat herbicide gave the lowest dry weight of narrow weed (0.22 g/m2).

Taxon
narrow weede2
Treatment
disk plow + paraquat herbicidee2
Outcome
dry weighte2
Direction
loweste2
Value
0.22 g/m2e2
Comparator
plowing by disk plowe0

Verbatim

e0

“a significant effect for treatment(disk plow+paraquat herbicide)and plowing by disk plow”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 471–559 · show in text ↑
e2

“Weed control by (disk plow + paraquat herbicide) gave lowest dry weight up to 0.22 g/m2 and density 1.83 plant/m2 for narrow weed”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 793–922 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Disk plow plus paraquat herbicide gave the lowest density of narrow weed (1.83 plant/m2).

Taxon
narrow weede2
Treatment
disk plow + paraquat herbicidee2
Outcome
densitye2
Direction
loweste2
Value
1.83 plant/m2e2
Comparator
plowing by disk plowe0

Verbatim

e0

“a significant effect for treatment(disk plow+paraquat herbicide)and plowing by disk plow”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 471–559 · show in text ↑
e2

“Weed control by (disk plow + paraquat herbicide) gave lowest dry weight up to 0.22 g/m2 and density 1.83 plant/m2 for narrow weed”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 793–922 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Plowing once by disk plow gave the highest field efficiency for the equipment (1.81 D/hr).

Taxon
broadleaf and narrow weede1
Treatment
Plowing once by disk plowe3
Outcome
field efficiency for equipmente3
Direction
higheste3
Value
1.81 D/hre3

Verbatim

e1

“They achieving highest weed control percentage for broadleaf and narrow weed were up to 99.12% ,98.93 % respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 561–677 · show in text ↑
e3

“Plowing once by disk plow has surpassed significantly by achieving highest field efficiency for equipment 1.81 D/hr”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 923–1038 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Controlling weeds twice significantly decreased weed density and dry weight.

Taxon
weede4
Treatment
controlling for twice timee4
Outcome
weed density and dry weighte4
Direction
significant decreasee4

Verbatim

e4

“controlling for twice time gave a significant decrease in weed density and dry weight and increasing weed control percentage with a significant decreas in actual productivity of the equipment”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1068–1259 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Controlling weeds twice increased the weed control percentage.

Taxon
weede4
Treatment
controlling for twice timee4
Outcome
weed control percentagee4
Direction
increasinge4

Verbatim

e4

“controlling for twice time gave a significant decrease in weed density and dry weight and increasing weed control percentage with a significant decreas in actual productivity of the equipment”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1068–1259 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Controlling weeds twice significantly decreased the actual productivity of the equipment.

Taxon
weede4
Treatment
controlling for twice timee4
Outcome
actual productivity of the equipmente4
Direction
significant decrease4

Verbatim

e4

“controlling for twice time gave a significant decrease in weed density and dry weight and increasing weed control percentage with a significant decreas in actual productivity of the equipment”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1068–1259 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The 13 April weed sampling recorded the highest weed dry weight and density.

Taxon
broadleaf and narrow weede1
Outcome
highest weed dry weight and densitye5
Setting
13/Aprile5

Verbatim

e1

“They achieving highest weed control percentage for broadleaf and narrow weed were up to 99.12% ,98.93 % respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 561–677 · show in text ↑
e5

“weed sampling in 13/April recorded highest weed dry weight and density”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1266–1336 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The 13 April weed sampling had the highest weed controlling percentage (67.62%).

Taxon
broadleaf and narrow weede1
Outcome
highest weed controlling percentagee6
Value
67.62%e6
Setting
13/Aprile5

Verbatim

e1

“They achieving highest weed control percentage for broadleaf and narrow weed were up to 99.12% ,98.93 % respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 561–677 · show in text ↑
e5

“weed sampling in 13/April recorded highest weed dry weight and density”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1266–1336 · show in text ↑
e6

“highest weed controlling percentage up to 67.62%”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1383–1431 · show in text ↑