Abstract
Core Ideas Winter annual oilseed crops are being used in annual cropping systems to add value. We explored trade‐offs in oilseed yield and provision of ecosystem services. Oilseed cover crop yield was greatest when harvested late rather than early. Pennycress and camelina reduced N in the soil profile compared to soybean alone. To gain additional value from land during winter fallow periods in corn ( Zea mays L.)–soybean [( Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotations, growers in the Upper Midwest are considering winter annual oilseed crops such as field pennycress ( Thlaspi arvense L.) and winter camelina [ Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz]. The objective of this study was to (i) explore trade‐offs between soybean and winter oilseed crop yield as influenced by timing of winter oilseed crop harvest and of soybean planting, and (ii) evaluate how inorganic soil N was affected by the presence or absence of pennycress or camelina. Field experiments were conducted at three sites in Minnesota to evaluate yield of field pennycress and camelina winter oilseed crops planted in a double‐crop system or planted early or late in a relay‐cropping system. Soybean grain yield was reduced in one of the three sites in 2014 and at all sites in 2015. However, the addition of a winter oilseed crop in a relay‐ or double‐crop system increased the total oilseed production. The optimal cropping strategy for achieving maximum total oilseed crop yield was dependent on environment. Winter oilseed crop yield tended to be greatest when harvested late rather than early in either a relay‐ or double‐crop system. Pennycress and camelina significantly reduced inorganic soil N along the entire soil profile compared to soybean alone, especially in the spring (53–72%) and autumn (18–19%) when the potential for N loss is greatest. Pennycress and camelina, when integrated with soybean in a late‐planted relay‐ or double‐crop system, increased total crop yield while providing critical ecosystem services.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean grain yield fell at one of three sites in 2014.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Outcome
- Soybean grain yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- one of the three sites in 2014e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean grain yield was reduced in one of the three sites in 2014”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean grain yield fell at all sites in 2015.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- Soybean grain yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- at all sites in 2015e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean grain yield was reduced in one of the three sites in 2014 and at all sites in 2015”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding a winter oilseed in a relay or double crop increased total oilseed production.
- Taxon
- Pennycress, Camelina, and Soybeant0
- Treatment
- addition of a winter oilseed crop in a relay‐ or double‐crop systeme0
- Outcome
- total oilseed productione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the addition of a winter oilseed crop in a relay‐ or double‐crop system increased the total oilseed production”
t0“Pennycress, Camelina, and Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimal strategy for total oilseed yield depended on environment.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The optimal cropping strategy for achieving maximum total oilseed crop yield was dependent on environment”
t0“Pennycress, Camelina, and Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Late harvest tended to give greater winter oilseed crop yield than early harvest.
Verbatim
e0“Winter oilseed crop yield tended to be greatest when harvested late rather than early in either a relay‐ or double‐crop system”
t0“Pennycress, Camelina, and Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Pennycress significantly reduced soil inorganic nitrogen compared with soybean alone, especially in spring and autumn.
Verbatim
e0“Pennycress and camelina significantly reduced inorganic soil N along the entire soil profile compared to soybean alone, especially in the spring (53–72%) and autumn (18–19%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Camelina significantly reduced soil inorganic nitrogen compared with soybean alone, especially in spring and autumn.
- Treatment
- camelinae0
- Outcome
- inorganic soil Ne0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- spring (53–72%) and autumn (18–19%)e0
- Comparator
- soybean alonee0
CamelinaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pennycress and camelina significantly reduced inorganic soil N along the entire soil profile compared to soybean alone, especially in the spring (53–72%) and autumn (18–19%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrating pennycress with soybean in late-planted relay or double cropping increased total crop yield.
- Taxon
- Pennycresse0
- Treatment
- integrated with soybean in a late‐planted relay‐ or double‐crop systeme0
- Outcome
- total crop yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Pennycress and camelina, when integrated with soybean in a late‐planted relay‐ or double‐crop system, increased total crop yield while providing critical ecosystem services”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrating camelina with soybean in late-planted relay or double cropping increased total crop yield.
- Treatment
- integrated with soybean in a late‐planted relay‐ or double‐crop systeme0
- Outcome
- total crop yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pennycress and camelina, when integrated with soybean in a late‐planted relay‐ or double‐crop system, increased total crop yield while providing critical ecosystem services”
The same questions in other papers
sowing time · yield · CamelinaPositive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
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6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.