Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of biochar on growth and metabolism of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and mustard (Sinapis alba L.) planted in crop rotation: spinach (spring)-mustard-spinach (autumn). The impact of biochar soil application (5% per mass of soil) on the availability of Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na and P to plants as well as the content of free proline and total amino acids contents were evaluated at degraded Chernozem soil. The results showed that biochar soil addition significantly increased spinach growth by 102% and 353% in spring and autumn, respectively. Biochar limited plant content of Ca, Mg and Na, however K content increased in all plants. Inconsistent effect was determined for Fe and P content in plants biomass. Total content of free amino acids was higher in plants harvested at amended treatments, except autumn spinach. Biochar increased proline content in all plants in comparison to control. The highest increase was obtained in mustard - by 186%. The results showed a more sensitive reaction of mustard to biochar application than spinach.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar soil addition significantly increased spring spinach growth by 102%.
- Taxon
- spinach
Spinacia oleraceae0 - Treatment
- biochar soil additione1
- Outcome
- spinach growthe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 102%e1
- Setting
- springe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and metabolism of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and mustard (Sinapis alba L.)”
e1“biochar soil addition significantly increased spinach growth by 102% and 353% in spring and autumn”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar soil addition significantly increased autumn spinach growth by 353%.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- biochar soil additione1
- Outcome
- spinach growthe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 353%e1
- Setting
- autumne1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and metabolism of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and mustard (Sinapis alba L.)”
e1“biochar soil addition significantly increased spinach growth by 102% and 353% in spring and autumn”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar limited the plant content of Ca, Mg and Na in spinach and mustard.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- Biochare2
- Outcome
- plant content of Ca, Mg and Nae2
- Direction
- limitede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and metabolism of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and mustard (Sinapis alba L.)”
e2“Biochar limited plant content of Ca, Mg and Na”
Claim · model-written summary
The K content of spinach and mustard increased in all plants with biochar.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- Biochare2
- Outcome
- K contente3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and metabolism of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and mustard (Sinapis alba L.)”
e2“Biochar limited plant content of Ca, Mg and Na”
e3“K content increased in all plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The effect of biochar on Fe and P content in plant biomass was inconsistent.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- biochar soil additione1
- Outcome
- Fe and P content in plants biomasse4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and metabolism of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and mustard (Sinapis alba L.)”
e1“biochar soil addition significantly increased spinach growth by 102% and 353% in spring and autumn”
e4“Inconsistent effect was determined for Fe and P content in plants biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Total free amino acid content was higher in spinach and mustard harvested from biochar-amended treatments, except autumn spinach.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- amended treatmentse5
- Outcome
- Total content of free amino acidse5
- Direction
- highere5
- Qualifier
- except autumn spinache5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and metabolism of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and mustard (Sinapis alba L.)”
e5“Total content of free amino acids was higher in plants harvested at amended treatments, except autumn spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar increased proline content in spinach and mustard compared with control.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- Biochare6
- Outcome
- proline contente6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Comparator
- controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and metabolism of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and mustard (Sinapis alba L.)”
e6“Biochar increased proline content in all plants in comparison to control”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest biochar-induced proline increase, by 186%, was in mustard.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“growth and metabolism of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and mustard (Sinapis alba L.)”
e6“Biochar increased proline content in all plants in comparison to control”
e7“The highest increase was obtained in mustard - by 186%”
Claim · model-written summary
Mustard showed a more sensitive reaction to biochar application than spinach.
Verbatim
e0“growth and metabolism of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and mustard (Sinapis alba L.)”
e1“a more sensitive reaction of mustard to biochar application than spinach”
The same questions in other papers
biochar · growth · Spinacia oleracea (spinach)Results agree
15 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.