Abstract
Wheat cultivation in acid soils may be simultaneously limited by metal toxicity, deficiency or Ca and Mg imbalance, and B deficiency. The aim of the present study is to assess whether the wheat response to B increases, as the crop condition in the acid soil becomes more stressful. The study was conducted in a greenhouse, and an Oxisol sample was used as the substrate. It assessed the interaction between three soil acidity treatments (low [pH-CaCl2 5.6], very high [pH-CaCl2 4.2] and very high acidity with gypsum [pH-CaCl2 4.3]) and five B treatments (0, 0.15, 0.40; 1.25 and 3.50 mg dm-3). The very high addition of gypsum into a very acid soil caused a nutritional imbalance in wheat (mainly to Mg) and led to lower dry matter accumulation values, a condition in which B presented stress alleviation. Such condition resulted in significant changes in root growth, transpiration and the availability of Mg and Ca/Mg ratio in the rhizosphere soil. The concentration of K, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Al was little affected by B, since the K:Mg ratio was more important. The treatment with very high acidity, with gypsum, also showed higher B toxicity. Thus, wheat has shown higher B response in acid soil under the most stressful condition.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
High gypsum addition to very acid soil caused nutritional imbalance, mainly involving Mg, in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- very high addition of gypsum into a very acid soile0
- Outcome
- nutritional imbalancee0
- Qualifier
- mainly to Mge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The very high addition of gypsum into a very acid soil caused a nutritional imbalance in wheat (mainly to Mg) and led to lower dry matter accumulation values, a condition in which B presented stress alleviation.”
Claim · model-written summary
High gypsum addition to very acid soil lowered wheat dry matter accumulation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- very high addition of gypsum into a very acid soile0
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The very high addition of gypsum into a very acid soil caused a nutritional imbalance in wheat (mainly to Mg) and led to lower dry matter accumulation values, a condition in which B presented stress alleviation.”
Claim · model-written summary
B alleviated stress in wheat under high gypsum addition to very acid soil.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Be0
- Outcome
- stress alleviatione0
- Qualifier
- very high addition of gypsum into a very acid soile0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The very high addition of gypsum into a very acid soil caused a nutritional imbalance in wheat (mainly to Mg) and led to lower dry matter accumulation values, a condition in which B presented stress alleviation.”
Claim · model-written summary
The stressful gypsum and acidity condition significantly changed wheat root growth and transpiration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- very high addition of gypsum into a very acid soile1
- Outcome
- root growth, transpiratione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Such condition resulted in significant changes in root growth, transpiration and the availability of Mg and Ca/Mg ratio in the rhizosphere soil.”
e1“The very high addition of gypsum into a very acid soil caused a nutritional imbalance in wheat (mainly to Mg)”
Claim · model-written summary
The stressful gypsum and acidity condition significantly changed rhizosphere Mg availability and Ca/Mg ratio.
- Treatment
- very high addition of gypsum into a very acid soile1
- Outcome
- availability of Mg and Ca/Mg ratio in the rhizosphere soile0
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Such condition resulted in significant changes in root growth, transpiration and the availability of Mg and Ca/Mg ratio in the rhizosphere soil.”
e1“The very high addition of gypsum into a very acid soil”
Claim · model-written summary
B little affected wheat K, Ca and Mg concentrations.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Be0
- Outcome
- K, Ca, Mge0
- Qualifier
- little affectede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The concentration of K, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Al was little affected by B, since the K:Mg ratio was more important.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
B little affected wheat P, Fe and Mn concentrations.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Be0
- Outcome
- P, Fe, Mne0
- Qualifier
- little affectede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The concentration of K, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Al was little affected by B, since the K:Mg ratio was more important.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
B little affected wheat Zn, Cu and Al concentrations.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Be0
- Outcome
- Zn, Cu and Ale0
- Qualifier
- little affectede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The concentration of K, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Al was little affected by B, since the K:Mg ratio was more important.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The K:Mg ratio was more important in explaining the limited concentration response to B.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- concentratione0
- Qualifier
- K:Mg ratio was more importante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The concentration of K, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Al was little affected by B, since the K:Mg ratio was more important.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Very high acidity with gypsum produced higher B toxicity in wheat.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- very high acidity, with gypsume0
- Outcome
- B toxicitye0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment with very high acidity, with gypsum, also showed higher B toxicity.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat showed higher B response in acid soil under the most stressful condition.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Be0
- Outcome
- B responsee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- in acid soil under the most stressful conditione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thus, wheat has shown higher B response in acid soil under the most stressful condition.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.