Abstract
Abstract As the global population grows, demand on food production will also rise. For rice, one limiting factor effecting production could be availability of fresh water, hence adoption of techniques that decrease water usage while maintaining or increasing crop yield are needed. Alternative wetting and drying ( AWD ) is one of these techniques. AWD is a method by which the level of water within a rice field cycles between being flooded and nonflooded during the growth period of the rice crop. The degree to which AWD affects cultivars differently has not been adequately addressed to date. In this study, 22 rice cultivars, mostly landraces of the aus subpopulation, plus some popular improved indica cultivars from Bangladesh, were tested for their response to AWD across three different field sites in Bangladesh. Grain and shoot elemental concentrations were determined at harvest. Overall, AWD slightly increased grain mass and harvest index compared to plants grown under continually flooded ( CF ) conditions. Plants grown under AWD had decreased concentrations of nitrogen in their straw compared to plants grown under CF . The concentration of elements in the grain were also affected when plants were grown under AWD compared to CF : Nickel, copper, cadmium and iron increased, but sodium, potassium, calcium, cobalt, phosphorus, molybdenum and arsenic decreased in the grains of plants grown under AWD . However, there was some variation in these patterns across different sites. Analysis of variance revealed no significant cultivar × treatment interaction, or site × cultivar × treatment interaction, for any of the plant mass traits. Of the elements analyzed, only grain cadmium concentrations were significantly affected by treatment × cultivar interactions. These data suggest that there is no genetic adaptation amongst the cultivars screened for response to AWD , except for grain cadmium concentration and imply that breeding specifically for AWD is not needed.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
AWD slightly increased rice grain mass and harvest index relative to continuous flooding.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- AWDe0
- Outcome
- grain mass and harvest indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- slightlye0
- Comparator
- continually flooded ( CF ) conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, AWD slightly increased grain mass and harvest index compared to plants grown under continually flooded ( CF ) conditions”
t0“rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
AWD reduced nitrogen concentration in rice straw.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- strawe0
- Treatment
- AWDe0
- Outcome
- concentrations of nitrogen in their strawe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- CFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants grown under AWD had decreased concentrations of nitrogen in their straw compared to plants grown under CF”
t0“rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
AWD increased grain nickel, copper and cadmium concentrations.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWDe0
- Outcome
- Nickel, copper, cadmiume0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- CFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The concentration of elements in the grain were also affected when plants were grown under AWD compared to CF : Nickel, copper, cadmium and iron increased”
t0“rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
AWD increased grain iron concentration.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The concentration of elements in the grain were also affected when plants were grown under AWD compared to CF : Nickel, copper, cadmium and iron increased”
t0“rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
AWD decreased grain sodium, potassium and calcium concentrations.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- grainse0
- Treatment
- AWDe0
- Outcome
- sodium, potassium, calciume0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sodium, potassium, calcium, cobalt, phosphorus, molybdenum and arsenic decreased in the grains of plants grown under AWD”
t0“rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
AWD decreased grain cobalt, phosphorus and molybdenum concentrations.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- grainse0
- Treatment
- AWDe0
- Outcome
- cobalt, phosphorus, molybdenume0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sodium, potassium, calcium, cobalt, phosphorus, molybdenum and arsenic decreased in the grains of plants grown under AWD”
t0“rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
AWD decreased grain arsenic concentration.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sodium, potassium, calcium, cobalt, phosphorus, molybdenum and arsenic decreased in the grains of plants grown under AWD”
t0“rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Elemental response patterns varied by site.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- variation in these patternse0
- Setting
- different sitese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was some variation in these patterns across different sites”
t0“rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant mass traits had no significant cultivar by treatment or site by cultivar by treatment interaction.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- cultivare0
- Treatment
- treatmente0
- Outcome
- plant mass traitse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Analysis of variance revealed no significant cultivar × treatment interaction, or site × cultivar × treatment interaction, for any of the plant mass traits”
t0“rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain cadmium was the only element with a significant treatment by cultivar interaction.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- cultivare0
- Treatment
- treatmente0
- Outcome
- grain cadmium concentrationse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only grain cadmium concentrations were significantly affected by treatment × cultivar interactions”
t0“rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors inferred no adaptation to AWD except for grain cadmium.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWDe0
- Outcome
- no genetic adaptatione0
- Qualifier
- except for grain cadmium concentratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there is no genetic adaptation amongst the cultivars screened for response to AWD , except for grain cadmium concentration”
t0“rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that breeding specifically for AWD is unnecessary.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- breeding specifically for AWD is not needede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“breeding specifically for AWD is not needed”
t0“rice cultivars”
The same questions in other papers
irrigation · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
905 papers in the same direction as this paper · 201 in the opposite direction · 64 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
1,167 papers more in this group
See all 1,171 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.