Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AsA), vitamin C, is an important molecule that is vital for both human and plant health, because it aids in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by various abiotic and biotic stresses including UV, salinity, ozone, and attack from pathogens In order to understand the role of AsA in the plant-herbivore interaction, we looked at the effects of the wound-responsive hormones, jasmonate, wounding, and herbivory on AsA content. Our study is the first to directly compare the effects of wounding and jasmonates on AsA levels in plants. We looked at the effects of wounding and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on JA-deficient and JA-insensitive genotypes of tomato to further determine if JA mediates the effects of wounding on AsA in plants, because JA is involved in many other wound responses. Wounding in two cultivars of tomato lowered AsA content as did exogenous MeJA application, suggesting a link between these two. Wounding of mutant lines impaired in JA signaling showed a decrease in AsA content similar to wild type, indicating AsA response to wounding does not require JAs. These results show a complicated relationship between AsA, JA, and wounding, in which both JA and wounding appear to but may act independently. Few studies explore ascorbate's role in actual plant systems with associated herbivores. We evaluated the effects of multiple types of herbivores on AsA of both tomato and Arabidopsis, providing the first comparison of different types of herbivore damage on AsA content among plant types. Tomato and Arabidopsis responded differently to herbivory. Ascorbate decreased significantly in response to caterpillar feeding in tomato foliar tissue with no significant difference in systemic or root tissue. Whereas, Arabidopsis saw no significant difference in treated tissue but saw significant decrease in AsA of systemic tissue of aphid and caterpillar treated plants. We were, also, able to determine high AsA content of a MIOX4 overexpression line and use it in determining the effects of AsA on caterpillars in conjunction with WT, moderate AsA, and vtc1 mutant, low AsA. The MIOX4 overexpressing line supported caterpillars of a greater weight than either WT or vtc1.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Wounding lowered ascorbate content in two tomato cultivars.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Material
- two cultivarse0
- Treatment
- Woundinge0
- Outcome
- AsA contente0
- Direction
- lowerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wounding in two cultivars of tomato lowered AsA content”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous methyl jasmonate lowered tomato ascorbate content.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- exogenous MeJA applicatione0
- Outcome
- AsA contente0
- Direction
- lowerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two cultivars of tomato lowered AsA content as did exogenous MeJA application”
Claim · model-written summary
Wounding decreased ascorbate in JA signaling mutants similarly to wild type.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- mutant lines impaired in JA signalinge0
- Treatment
- Woundinge0
- Outcome
- AsA contente0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- wild typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wounding of mutant lines impaired in JA signaling showed a decrease in AsA content similar to wild type”
t0“genotypes of tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato and Arabidopsis differed in their herbivory responses.
- Taxon
- Tomato and Arabidopsis
ArabidopsisSolanum lycopersicume0 - Outcome
- responded differently to herbivorye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomato and Arabidopsis responded differently to herbivory.”
Claim · model-written summary
Caterpillar feeding significantly decreased ascorbate in tomato foliar tissue.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- foliar tissuee0
- Treatment
- caterpillar feedinge0
- Interactor
- caterpillare0herbivore
- Outcome
- Ascorbatee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ascorbate decreased significantly in response to caterpillar feeding in tomato foliar tissue”
Claim · model-written summary
Caterpillar feeding produced no significant ascorbate difference in tomato systemic or root tissue.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- systemic or root tissuee0
- Treatment
- caterpillar feedinge0
- Interactor
- caterpillare0herbivore
- Outcome
- no significant differencee0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“caterpillar feeding in tomato foliar tissue with no significant difference in systemic or root tissue”
Claim · model-written summary
Arabidopsis treated tissue showed no significant ascorbate difference after herbivory.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Organ / stage
- treated tissuee0
- Outcome
- no significant differencee0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis saw no significant difference in treated tissue”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphid treatment significantly decreased systemic Arabidopsis ascorbate.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- aphide0
- Interactor
- aphide0herbivore
- Outcome
- AsA of systemic tissuee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis saw no significant difference in treated tissue but saw significant decrease in AsA of systemic tissue of aphid and caterpillar treated plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Caterpillar treatment significantly decreased systemic Arabidopsis ascorbate.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- caterpillare0
- Interactor
- caterpillare0herbivore
- Outcome
- AsA of systemic tissuee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis saw no significant difference in treated tissue but saw significant decrease in AsA of systemic tissue of aphid and caterpillar treated plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
The MIOX4 overexpression line had high ascorbate content.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- MIOX4 overexpression linee0
- Outcome
- high AsA contente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high AsA content of a MIOX4 overexpression line”
t0“genotypes of tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Caterpillars attained greater weight on the MIOX4 overexpressing line than on WT or vtc1.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- MIOX4 overexpressing linee0
- Interactor
- caterpillarse0herbivore
- Outcome
- caterpillars of a greater weighte0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- WT or vtc1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The MIOX4 overexpressing line supported caterpillars of a greater weight than either WT or vtc1.”
t0“genotypes of tomato”
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