Abstract
Under rainfed Mediterranean conditions, where water constitutes the limiting factor, the aim is to obtain the highest production per unit of available water. A 6‐yr study in a Vertisol was undertaken to determine in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) the effects of tillage system, preceding crop, and N fertilizer on water utilization. Tillage treatments were no‐tillage and conventional tillage. Preceding crops, in 2‐yr rotations, were sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.), chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.), faba bean ( Vicia faba L.), fallow, and continuous wheat. The mean crop precipitation interception index (CPI) was low (43%). Rotations including spring‐planted crops such as chickpea and sunflower, or including fallow, reduced the CPI, increasing the risk of erosion. The tillage system did not affect any of the parameters studied. Water use efficiency (WUE) ranged from 5 to 14 kg ha −1 mm −1 . Wheat and sunflower as preceding crops yielded poorer values for productivity and water utilization, while the best results were obtained with faba bean. The highest values of precipitation use efficiency (PUE) and WUE were reached with 100 kg N ha −1 in all rotations except for wheat–sunflower, which needed 150 kg N ha −1 . The inclusion of faba bean or chickpea in a 2‐yr rotation contributes to improve the WUE by wheat crop.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
The mean crop precipitation interception index of wheat was low, at 43%.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Outcome
- crop precipitation interception index (CPI)e2
- Value
- 43%e2
- Setting
- rainfed Mediterranean conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under rainfed Mediterranean conditions”
e1“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e2“The mean crop precipitation interception index (CPI) was low (43%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotations including spring-planted crops such as chickpea and sunflower, or including fallow, reduced the CPI of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- spring‐planted crops such as chickpea and sunflowere3
- Outcome
- CPIe3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Setting
- rainfed Mediterranean conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under rainfed Mediterranean conditions”
e1“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e3“Rotations including spring‐planted crops such as chickpea and sunflower, or including fallow, reduced the CPI, increasing the risk of erosion”
Claim · model-written summary
The same rotations with spring-planted crops or fallow increased the risk of erosion in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- spring‐planted crops such as chickpea and sunflowere3
- Outcome
- risk of erosione3
- Direction
- increasinge3
- Setting
- rainfed Mediterranean conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under rainfed Mediterranean conditions”
e1“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e3“Rotations including spring‐planted crops such as chickpea and sunflower, or including fallow, reduced the CPI, increasing the risk of erosion”
Claim · model-written summary
The tillage system did not affect any of the parameters studied in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- tillage systeme4
- Outcome
- parameters studiede4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee5
- Setting
- rainfed Mediterranean conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under rainfed Mediterranean conditions”
e1“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e4“The tillage system did not affect any of the parameters studied”
e5“Tillage treatments were no‐tillage and conventional tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
Water use efficiency of wheat ranged from 5 to 14 kg ha −1 mm −1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- Water use efficiency (WUE)e6
- Value
- 5 to 14 kg ha −1 mm −1e6
- Setting
- rainfed Mediterranean conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under rainfed Mediterranean conditions”
e1“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e6“Water use efficiency (WUE) ranged from 5 to 14 kg ha −1 mm −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat and sunflower as preceding crops gave poorer productivity and water utilization in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- wheat and sunflower as preceding cropse7
- Outcome
- productivity and water utilizatione7
- Direction
- poorere7
- Setting
- rainfed Mediterranean conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under rainfed Mediterranean conditions”
e1“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e7“Wheat and sunflower as preceding crops yielded poorer values for productivity and water utilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Faba bean as preceding crop gave the best productivity and water utilization in wheat, compared with wheat and sunflower as preceding crops.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- faba beane3
- Outcome
- productivity and water utilizatione2
- Direction
- beste3
- Comparator
- wheat and sunflower as preceding cropse2
- Setting
- rainfed Mediterranean conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under rainfed Mediterranean conditions”
e1“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e2“Wheat and sunflower as preceding crops yielded poorer values for productivity and water utilization”
e3“while the best results were obtained with faba bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Precipitation use efficiency and WUE of wheat were highest with 100 kg N ha −1 in all rotations except wheat–sunflower.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- 100 kg N ha −1e2
- Outcome
- precipitation use efficiency (PUE) and WUEe2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Qualifier
- in all rotations except for wheat–sunflowere2
- Setting
- rainfed Mediterranean conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under rainfed Mediterranean conditions”
e1“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e2“The highest values of precipitation use efficiency (PUE) and WUE were reached with 100 kg N ha −1 in all rotations except for wheat–sunflower, which needed 150 kg N ha −1”
Claim · model-written summary
For the wheat–sunflower rotation, the highest precipitation use efficiency and WUE were reached with 150 kg N ha −1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- 150 kg N ha −1e2
- Outcome
- precipitation use efficiency (PUE) and WUEe2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Qualifier
- wheat–sunflowere2
- Setting
- rainfed Mediterranean conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under rainfed Mediterranean conditions”
e1“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e2“The highest values of precipitation use efficiency (PUE) and WUE were reached with 100 kg N ha −1 in all rotations except for wheat–sunflower, which needed 150 kg N ha −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Including faba bean or chickpea in a 2-yr rotation improved the WUE of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- faba bean or chickpeae2
- Outcome
- WUEe2
- Direction
- improvee2
- Setting
- rainfed Mediterranean conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under rainfed Mediterranean conditions”
e1“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e2“The inclusion of faba bean or chickpea in a 2‐yr rotation contributes to improve the WUE by wheat crop”
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See all 345 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.