Abstract
Core Ideas Seeding hairy vetch at the optimal time is crucial for biomass production. Optimal hairy vetch seeding rate for maximizing biomass production depends on latitude. The optimal seeding rate is 15 to 20 kg ha −1 in Massachusetts, New York, and Pennsylvania. The optimal seeding rate is 5 to 10 kg ha −1 in Maryland and North Carolina. Hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa Roth) is a legume grown for high biomass and N fixation. Climate, population density, establishment date, and termination timing affect biomass production; the combined effect of these factors has not been documented. We conducted an experiment in Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and North Carolina across a range of hairy vetch seeding rates and dates and termination timings to define biomass production potential and determine minimum seeding rates. Hairy vetch was planted at two dates at rates of 6 to 50 kg ha −1 . The cover crop was terminated at early and intermediate vegetative and 50% flowering stages. Across the factorial of planting and termination dates, biomass increased 529 kg ha −1 on average for every 100 growing degree days (GDD) accumulated. Maximum biomass across treatments was 460 to 2815 kg ha −1 in Massachusetts, 23 to 4523 kg ha −1 in New York, 72 to 6570 kg ha −1 in Pennsylvania, 1106 to 7117 kg ha −1 in Maryland, and 4314 to 7759 kg ha −1 in North Carolina. In Massachusetts, New York, and Pennsylvania, hairy vetch produced maximum biomass at seeding rates of 15 to 20 kg ha −1 , at the low end of the currently recommended rate of 18 to 22 kg ha −1 . In Maryland and North Carolina, hairy vetch produced maximum biomass when seeded at 5 to 10 kg ha −1 . Our results show significant variation in optimal seeding rates across a latitudinal gradient, and illustrate the importance of site‐specific management.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass increased by 529 kg ha −1 per 100 growing degree days.
- Taxon
- Hairy Vetch
Vicia villosat0 - Treatment
- 100 growing degree days (GDD)e0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 529 kg ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biomass increased 529 kg ha −1 on average for every 100 growing degree days (GDD) accumulated”
t0“Hairy Vetch”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum biomass in Massachusetts ranged from 460 to 2815 kg ha −1.
- Taxon
- Hairy VetchVicia villosat0
- Outcome
- Maximum biomasse0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 460 to 2815 kg ha −1e0
- Setting
- Massachusettse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum biomass across treatments was 460 to 2815 kg ha −1 in Massachusetts”
t0“Hairy Vetch”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum biomass in New York ranged from 23 to 4523 kg ha −1.
- Taxon
- Hairy VetchVicia villosat0
- Outcome
- 23 to 4523 kg ha −1e0
- Value
- 23 to 4523 kg ha −1e0
- Setting
- New Yorke0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“23 to 4523 kg ha −1 in New York”
t0“Hairy Vetch”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum biomass in Pennsylvania ranged from 72 to 6570 kg ha −1.
- Taxon
- Hairy VetchVicia villosat0
- Outcome
- 72 to 6570 kg ha −1e0
- Value
- 72 to 6570 kg ha −1e0
- Setting
- Pennsylvaniae0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“72 to 6570 kg ha −1 in Pennsylvania”
t0“Hairy Vetch”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum biomass in Maryland ranged from 1106 to 7117 kg ha −1.
- Taxon
- Hairy VetchVicia villosat0
- Outcome
- 1106 to 7117 kg ha −1e0
- Value
- 1106 to 7117 kg ha −1e0
- Setting
- Marylande0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1106 to 7117 kg ha −1 in Maryland”
t0“Hairy Vetch”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum biomass in North Carolina ranged from 4314 to 7759 kg ha −1.
- Taxon
- Hairy VetchVicia villosat0
- Outcome
- 4314 to 7759 kg ha −1e0
- Value
- 4314 to 7759 kg ha −1e0
- Setting
- North Carolinae0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“4314 to 7759 kg ha −1 in North Carolina”
t0“Hairy Vetch”
Claim · model-written summary
Seeding at 15 to 20 kg ha −1 maximized biomass in Massachusetts, New York, and Pennsylvania.
- Taxon
- hairy vetchVicia villosae0
- Treatment
- seeding rates of 15 to 20 kg ha −1e0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Setting
- Massachusetts, New York, and Pennsylvaniae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Massachusetts, New York, and Pennsylvania, hairy vetch produced maximum biomass at seeding rates of 15 to 20 kg ha −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Seeding at 5 to 10 kg ha −1 maximized biomass in Maryland and North Carolina.
- Taxon
- hairy vetchVicia villosae0
- Treatment
- seeded at 5 to 10 kg ha −1e0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Setting
- Maryland and North Carolinae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Maryland and North Carolina, hairy vetch produced maximum biomass when seeded at 5 to 10 kg ha −1”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommended site-specific seeding-rate management because optimum rates varied by latitude.
- Taxon
- Hairy VetchVicia villosat0
- Outcome
- site‐specific managemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our results show significant variation in optimal seeding rates across a latitudinal gradient, and illustrate the importance of site‐specific management”
t0“Hairy Vetch”
The same questions in other papers
density · growth · Vicia villosa (hairy vetch)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.