Abstract
Effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract and Sodium hypochlorite seed pre-treatment on the seed germination, seedling growth rate and fungal activities in two accessions of Abelmoschus esculentus was examined in the Crop laboratory of Babcock University. Seed viability and seedling vigour were assessed according to ISTA, 1985; while the blotter paper method was used to determine the seed microflora. Mycological analysis was carried out by isolating and identifying fungal flora on potato dextrose agar plates. Okra seeds of CCN2005/2 and Clemson spineless varieties were pre-treated with 2.5%, 5% and 10% of Moringa leaf extract; while Sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl, was administered at 4%, 5% and 6%. A control with no seed pre-treatment was also included. Ten viable seeds, randomly selected from the seed lots of each accession, were dipped into treatment solutions for five minutes, after which it was withdrawn and prepared for further tests. Germination tests were carried out on 85mm diameter petri dishes, lined with moistened Whattman filter paper; with three replications for each treatment in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The two okra accessions reacted differently to different concentrations of NaOCl and Moringa leaf extract. The accessions were not significantly different for the seed viability and seedling vigour variables evaluated. Results further reveal that 4% and 6% of NaOCl inhibited the population of fungal growth; while Moringa extract reduced fungal growth and population on both accessions. Fusarium had the highest (67.5%) occurrence on seed fungal population. Penicillium however had the lowest (3.5%). This study explained the fact that pre-treatment of seeds before storage with Moringa reduces the possibility of fungal infection and also maintains the viability and vigour of the seed for a particular time period, depending on the seed type.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The two okra accessions reacted differently to the NaOCl and Moringa leaf extract concentrations.
- Taxon
- okra
.jpg?width=60)
Abelmoschus esculentuse1 - Treatment
- NaOCl and Moringa leaf extracte1
- Outcome
- reacted differentlye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“in two accessions of Abelmoschus esculentus was examined”
e1“The two okra accessions reacted differently to different concentrations of NaOCl and Moringa leaf extract”
Claim · model-written summary
The accessions did not differ significantly in seed viability and seedling vigour.
- Taxon
- Abelmoschus esculentusAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Outcome
- seed viability and seedling vigoure2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in two accessions of Abelmoschus esculentus was examined”
e2“The accessions were not significantly different for the seed viability and seedling vigour variables evaluated”
Claim · model-written summary
NaOCl at 4% and 6% inhibited the seed fungal population.
- Taxon
- Abelmoschus esculentusAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- 4% and 6% of NaOCle3
- Outcome
- population of fungal growthe3
- Direction
- inhibitede3
- Comparator
- control with no seed pre-treatmente5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in two accessions of Abelmoschus esculentus was examined”
e3“Results further reveal that 4% and 6% of NaOCl inhibited the population of fungal growth”
e5“A control with no seed pre-treatment was also included”
Claim · model-written summary
Moringa leaf extract reduced fungal growth and population on both okra accessions.
- Taxon
- Abelmoschus esculentusAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- Moringa extracte4
- Outcome
- fungal growth and populatione4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Comparator
- control with no seed pre-treatmente5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in two accessions of Abelmoschus esculentus was examined”
e4“Moringa extract reduced fungal growth and population on both accessions”
e5“A control with no seed pre-treatment was also included”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium had the highest occurrence (67.5%) on the seed fungal population.
- Taxon
- Abelmoschus esculentusAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Organ / stage
- seede6
- Outcome
- occurrencee6
- Value
- 67.5%e6
FusariumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in two accessions of Abelmoschus esculentus was examined”
e6“Fusarium had the highest (67.5%) occurrence on seed fungal population. Penicillium however had the lowest (3.5%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Penicillium had the lowest occurrence (3.5%) on the seed fungal population.
- Taxon
- Abelmoschus esculentusAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Organ / stage
- seede6
- Interactor
- Penicillium
Penicilliume6other - Outcome
- occurrencee6
- Value
- 3.5%e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in two accessions of Abelmoschus esculentus was examined”
e6“Fusarium had the highest (67.5%) occurrence on seed fungal population. Penicillium however had the lowest (3.5%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-treatment of seeds with Moringa reduces the possibility of fungal infection.
- Taxon
- Abelmoschus esculentusAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- pre-treatment of seeds before storage with Moringae7
- Outcome
- possibility of fungal infectione7
- Direction
- reducese7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in two accessions of Abelmoschus esculentus was examined”
e7“pre-treatment of seeds before storage with Moringa reduces the possibility of fungal infection and also maintains the viability and vigour of the seed for a particular time period, depending on the seed type”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-treatment with Moringa maintains seed viability and vigour for a period that depends on seed type.
- Taxon
- Abelmoschus esculentusAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- pre-treatment of seeds before storage with Moringae7
- Outcome
- viability and vigoure7
- Direction
- maintainse7
- Qualifier
- for a particular time period, depending on the seed typee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in two accessions of Abelmoschus esculentus was examined”
e7“pre-treatment of seeds before storage with Moringa reduces the possibility of fungal infection and also maintains the viability and vigour of the seed for a particular time period, depending on the seed type”
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See all 18 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.