Abstract
Effect of irrigation frequency and row spacing on growth, yield and water use efficiency of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.] cultivar Pusa Tarak was studied at J.N.K.V.V., College of Agriculture, Tikamgarh (Madhya Pradesh), India during two consecutive Rabi seasons of 2012-13 and 2013-14. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with three replications, consisted three irrigation frequencies viz., I0 (no post sowing irrigation), I1 (one irrigation at 40 DAS) and I2 (two irrigation at 40 and 75 DAS) as main plot treatments and three row spacing viz., S1 (20 cm), S2 (30 cm) and S3 (40 cm) as sub-plot treatments. Results showed that application of two irrigations at 40 and 75 DAS (I2) resulted into significantly greater plant height, more number of branches (plant-1), total dry biomass (g plant-1), LAI at 75 DAS, more number of siliquae (plant-1), number of seeds (siliqua-1), seed yield (kg ha-1), biological yield (kg ha-1) and harvest index followed by one irrigation (I1) and the lowest under no post sowing irrigation (I0). Irrigation frequency increased the consumptive water use (CU) considerably and an increased in CU by application of two irrigations (I2) and one irrigation (I1) was 33.1% and 8.34%, respectively over no-post sowing irrigation (I0). On the other hand, WUE (kg ha-1-mm) was recorded significantly higher with the application of one irrigations (I1) followed by 2 irrigations (I2) and no-post sowing irrigation ((I0)). WUE between no-post sowing irrigation (I0) and application of 2 irrigations (I2) did not differ significantly. The significantly greater plant height at harvest was observed at closer spacing of 20 cm (S1) followed by 30 cm (S2) and 40 cm (S3). The significantly more number of branches (plant-1), LAI, dry biomass (g plant-1), number of siliquae (plant-1), number of seeds (siliqua-1) and higher 1000 seed weight (g) were recorded at wider spacing of 40 cm (S3) and these parameters were the lowest at closest spacing of 20 cm (S1). Similarly, wider spacing of 40 cm (S3), been on par with 30 cm (S2) also produced significantly higher seed yield (kg ha-1) and biological yield (kg ha-1) over the closer row spacing of 20 cm (S1). Harvest index among row spacing did not differ significantly. WUE was realized significantly higher with 40 cm (S3) followed by 30 cm (S2) and 20 cm (S1). However, consumptive water use was higher with closer row spacing of 20 cm followed by row spacings of 30 cm and 40 cm. Higher accumulation of dry biomass, more number of branches, more number of siliquae and more number of seeds in mustard ultimately elevated the seed yield as confirmed by relationship study between seed yield and these parameters.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Two irrigations (I2) significantly increased plant height, branches per plant and total dry biomass relative to no post-sowing irrigation (I0).
- Taxon
- Indian mustard
Brassica junceae0 - Material
- Pusa Tarake0
- Treatment
- two irrigations at 40 and 75 DAS (I2)e1
- Outcome
- plant height, more number of branches (plant-1), total dry biomass (g plant-1)e1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Comparator
- no post sowing irrigation (I0)e1
- Setting
- Tikamgarh (Madhya Pradesh), Indiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.] cultivar Pusa Tarak was studied at J.N.K.V.V., College of Agriculture, Tikamgarh (Madhya Pradesh), India”
e1“application of two irrigations at 40 and 75 DAS (I2) resulted into significantly greater plant height, more number of branches (plant-1), total dry biomass (g plant-1), LAI at 75 DAS, more number of siliquae (plant-1), number of seeds (siliqua-1), seed yield (kg ha-1), biological yield (kg ha-1) and harvest index followed by one irrigation (I1) and the lowest under no post sowing irrigation (I0)”
Claim · model-written summary
Two irrigations (I2) significantly increased LAI at 75 DAS, number of siliquae and number of seeds per siliqua relative to no post-sowing irrigation (I0).
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceae0
- Material
- Pusa Tarake0
- Treatment
- two irrigations at 40 and 75 DAS (I2)e1
- Outcome
- LAI at 75 DAS, more number of siliquae (plant-1), number of seeds (siliqua-1)e1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Comparator
- no post sowing irrigation (I0)e1
- Setting
- Tikamgarh (Madhya Pradesh), Indiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.] cultivar Pusa Tarak was studied at J.N.K.V.V., College of Agriculture, Tikamgarh (Madhya Pradesh), India”
e1“application of two irrigations at 40 and 75 DAS (I2) resulted into significantly greater plant height, more number of branches (plant-1), total dry biomass (g plant-1), LAI at 75 DAS, more number of siliquae (plant-1), number of seeds (siliqua-1), seed yield (kg ha-1), biological yield (kg ha-1) and harvest index followed by one irrigation (I1) and the lowest under no post sowing irrigation (I0)”
Claim · model-written summary
Two irrigations (I2) significantly increased seed yield, biological yield and harvest index relative to no post-sowing irrigation (I0).
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceae0
- Material
- Pusa Tarake0
- Treatment
- two irrigations at 40 and 75 DAS (I2)e1
- Outcome
- seed yield (kg ha-1), biological yield (kg ha-1) and harvest indexe1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Comparator
- no post sowing irrigation (I0)e1
- Setting
- Tikamgarh (Madhya Pradesh), Indiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.] cultivar Pusa Tarak was studied at J.N.K.V.V., College of Agriculture, Tikamgarh (Madhya Pradesh), India”
e1“application of two irrigations at 40 and 75 DAS (I2) resulted into significantly greater plant height, more number of branches (plant-1), total dry biomass (g plant-1), LAI at 75 DAS, more number of siliquae (plant-1), number of seeds (siliqua-1), seed yield (kg ha-1), biological yield (kg ha-1) and harvest index followed by one irrigation (I1) and the lowest under no post sowing irrigation (I0)”
Claim · model-written summary
Two irrigations (I2) increased consumptive water use by 33.1% relative to no post-sowing irrigation (I0).
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceae0
- Material
- Pusa Tarake0
- Treatment
- application of two irrigations (I2)e2
- Outcome
- CUe2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 33.1%e2
- Comparator
- no-post sowing irrigation (I0)e2
- Setting
- Tikamgarh (Madhya Pradesh), Indiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.] cultivar Pusa Tarak was studied at J.N.K.V.V., College of Agriculture, Tikamgarh (Madhya Pradesh), India”
e2“an increased in CU by application of two irrigations (I2) and one irrigation (I1) was 33.1% and 8.34%, respectively over no-post sowing irrigation (I0)”
Claim · model-written summary
One irrigation (I1) increased consumptive water use by 8.34% relative to no post-sowing irrigation (I0).
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceae0
- Material
- Pusa Tarake0
- Treatment
- one irrigation (I1)e2
- Outcome
- CUe2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 8.34%e2
- Comparator
- no-post sowing irrigation (I0)e2
- Setting
- Tikamgarh (Madhya Pradesh), Indiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.] cultivar Pusa Tarak was studied at J.N.K.V.V., College of Agriculture, Tikamgarh (Madhya Pradesh), India”
e2“an increased in CU by application of two irrigations (I2) and one irrigation (I1) was 33.1% and 8.34%, respectively over no-post sowing irrigation (I0)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water use efficiency was significantly higher with one irrigation (I1) than with two irrigations (I2) or no post-sowing irrigation (I0).
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceae0
- Material
- Pusa Tarake0
- Treatment
- one irrigations (I1)e3
- Outcome
- WUE (kg ha-1-mm)e3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- 2 irrigations (I2)e3
- Setting
- Tikamgarh (Madhya Pradesh), Indiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.] cultivar Pusa Tarak was studied at J.N.K.V.V., College of Agriculture, Tikamgarh (Madhya Pradesh), India”
e3“WUE (kg ha-1-mm) was recorded significantly higher with the application of one irrigations (I1) followed by 2 irrigations (I2) and no-post sowing irrigation ((I0))”
Claim · model-written summary
Water use efficiency did not differ significantly between no post-sowing irrigation (I0) and two irrigations (I2).
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceae0
- Material
- Pusa Tarake0
- Treatment
- application of 2 irrigations (I2)e4
- Outcome
- WUEe4
- Direction
- did not differe4
- Comparator
- no-post sowing irrigation (I0)e4
- Setting
- Tikamgarh (Madhya Pradesh), Indiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.] cultivar Pusa Tarak was studied at J.N.K.V.V., College of Agriculture, Tikamgarh (Madhya Pradesh), India”
e4“WUE between no-post sowing irrigation (I0) and application of 2 irrigations (I2) did not differ significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Closer row spacing of 20 cm (S1) gave significantly greater plant height at harvest than 40 cm (S3).
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceae0
- Material
- Pusa Tarake0
- Treatment
- closer spacing of 20 cm (S1)e5
- Outcome
- plant height at harveste5
- Direction
- greatere5
- Comparator
- 40 cm (S3)e5
- Setting
- Tikamgarh (Madhya Pradesh), Indiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.] cultivar Pusa Tarak was studied at J.N.K.V.V., College of Agriculture, Tikamgarh (Madhya Pradesh), India”
e5“The significantly greater plant height at harvest was observed at closer spacing of 20 cm (S1) followed by 30 cm (S2) and 40 cm (S3)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wider row spacing of 40 cm (S3) significantly increased branches per plant, LAI and dry biomass relative to 20 cm (S1).
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceae0
- Material
- Pusa Tarake0
- Treatment
- wider spacing of 40 cm (S3)e6
- Outcome
- number of branches (plant-1), LAI, dry biomass (g plant-1)e6
- Direction
- moree6
- Comparator
- closest spacing of 20 cm (S1)e6
- Setting
- Tikamgarh (Madhya Pradesh), Indiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.] cultivar Pusa Tarak was studied at J.N.K.V.V., College of Agriculture, Tikamgarh (Madhya Pradesh), India”
e6“The significantly more number of branches (plant-1), LAI, dry biomass (g plant-1), number of siliquae (plant-1), number of seeds (siliqua-1) and higher 1000 seed weight (g) were recorded at wider spacing of 40 cm (S3) and these parameters were the lowest at closest spacing of 20 cm (S1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wider row spacing of 40 cm (S3) significantly increased siliquae per plant and seeds per siliqua relative to 20 cm (S1).
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceae0
- Material
- Pusa Tarake0
- Treatment
- wider spacing of 40 cm (S3)e6
- Outcome
- number of siliquae (plant-1), number of seeds (siliqua-1)e6
- Direction
- moree6
- Comparator
- closest spacing of 20 cm (S1)e6
- Setting
- Tikamgarh (Madhya Pradesh), Indiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.] cultivar Pusa Tarak was studied at J.N.K.V.V., College of Agriculture, Tikamgarh (Madhya Pradesh), India”
e6“The significantly more number of branches (plant-1), LAI, dry biomass (g plant-1), number of siliquae (plant-1), number of seeds (siliqua-1) and higher 1000 seed weight (g) were recorded at wider spacing of 40 cm (S3) and these parameters were the lowest at closest spacing of 20 cm (S1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wider row spacing of 40 cm (S3) gave higher 1000 seed weight than 20 cm (S1).
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceae0
- Material
- Pusa Tarake0
- Treatment
- wider spacing of 40 cm (S3)e6
- Outcome
- 1000 seed weight (g)e6
- Direction
- highere6
- Comparator
- closest spacing of 20 cm (S1)e6
- Setting
- Tikamgarh (Madhya Pradesh), Indiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.] cultivar Pusa Tarak was studied at J.N.K.V.V., College of Agriculture, Tikamgarh (Madhya Pradesh), India”
e6“The significantly more number of branches (plant-1), LAI, dry biomass (g plant-1), number of siliquae (plant-1), number of seeds (siliqua-1) and higher 1000 seed weight (g) were recorded at wider spacing of 40 cm (S3) and these parameters were the lowest at closest spacing of 20 cm (S1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wider row spacing of 40 cm (S3) significantly increased seed yield and biological yield relative to 20 cm (S1).
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceae0
- Material
- Pusa Tarake0
- Treatment
- wider spacing of 40 cm (S3)e7
- Outcome
- seed yield (kg ha-1) and biological yield (kg ha-1)e7
- Direction
- highere7
- Comparator
- closer row spacing of 20 cm (S1)e7
- Setting
- Tikamgarh (Madhya Pradesh), Indiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.] cultivar Pusa Tarak was studied at J.N.K.V.V., College of Agriculture, Tikamgarh (Madhya Pradesh), India”
e7“wider spacing of 40 cm (S3), been on par with 30 cm (S2) also produced significantly higher seed yield (kg ha-1) and biological yield (kg ha-1) over the closer row spacing of 20 cm (S1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvest index did not differ significantly among row spacings.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceae0
- Material
- Pusa Tarake0
- Treatment
- row spacinge1
- Outcome
- Harvest indexe1
- Direction
- did not differe1
- Setting
- Tikamgarh (Madhya Pradesh), Indiae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.] cultivar Pusa Tarak was studied at J.N.K.V.V., College of Agriculture, Tikamgarh (Madhya Pradesh), India”
e1“Harvest index among row spacing did not differ significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Water use efficiency was significantly higher at 40 cm (S3) than at 30 cm (S2) and 20 cm (S1).
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceae0
- Material
- Pusa Tarake0
- Treatment
- 40 cm (S3)e1
- Outcome
- WUEe1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- 20 cm (S1)e1
- Setting
- Tikamgarh (Madhya Pradesh), Indiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.] cultivar Pusa Tarak was studied at J.N.K.V.V., College of Agriculture, Tikamgarh (Madhya Pradesh), India”
e1“WUE was realized significantly higher with 40 cm (S3) followed by 30 cm (S2) and 20 cm (S1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Consumptive water use was higher at the closer row spacing of 20 cm than at 30 cm and 40 cm.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceae0
- Material
- Pusa Tarake0
- Treatment
- closer row spacing of 20 cme1
- Outcome
- consumptive water usee1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- row spacings of 30 cm and 40 cme1
- Setting
- Tikamgarh (Madhya Pradesh), Indiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.] cultivar Pusa Tarak was studied at J.N.K.V.V., College of Agriculture, Tikamgarh (Madhya Pradesh), India”
e1“consumptive water use was higher with closer row spacing of 20 cm followed by row spacings of 30 cm and 40 cm”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher dry biomass, branches, siliquae and seeds were associated with higher seed yield in mustard, as confirmed by a relationship study.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceae0
- Material
- Pusa Tarake0
- Outcome
- seed yielde1
- Direction
- elevatede1
- Qualifier
- as confirmed by relationship studye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.] cultivar Pusa Tarak was studied at J.N.K.V.V., College of Agriculture, Tikamgarh (Madhya Pradesh), India”
e1“Higher accumulation of dry biomass, more number of branches, more number of siliquae and more number of seeds in mustard ultimately elevated the seed yield as confirmed by relationship study between seed yield and these parameters”
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