Abstract
Calcium (Ca) is one of the most important elements in apple fruit quality. The difficulty in supplying enough Ca to the fruit is a key point to ensure an adequate content of this element at harvest and after cold storage. The study was carried out in the Experimental Station of Lleida, with five year-old ‘Golden Smoothee’ apple trees on M9 Pajam 2® rootstock. The assay was divided in two parts. The first experiment consisted of the evaluation of fruit Ca absorption. One group of trees were sprayed with 0.15% calcium solution every two weeks during the season, the other group remained untreated. Results demonstrated that fruit Ca absorption rate in ‘Golden’ apples was more intensive during the first half of the fruit growing season than in the second half, decreasing dramatically until harvest. Even though Ca sprays were applied during the entire season, the amount of fruit Ca influx during the first period was similar in treated and untreated fruits. However, during the second period, treated fruits accumulated more Ca and final Ca contents were higher. In the other experiment, 10 or 6 Ca sprays were applied every two weeks period, starting 10 days after full bloom and at June 1st, respectively. Sprayed fruits had greater Ca content, better quality and cold storage aptitude, and fewer fruit disorders. Although other fruit nutrient contents were not altered by Ca sprays, Ca-related nutrient ratios like N/Ca and (K+Mg)/Ca gave more balanced values. Both application strategies, exhibited similar results and 10 treatments did not improve Ca content in the fruits compared with 6. The same treatments were also applied in commercial orchards and similar values were obtained. In conclusion, there was no apparent response to spraying with Ca during the first growing period, while Ca is mainly provided by root absorption. However, in the second part of the season, when fruit Ca absorption is limited, foliar applications were more effective and fruit Ca accumulation increased.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit calcium absorption in Golden Smoothee apples was more intensive in the first half of the season than in the second half.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0 - Material
- Golden Smootheee1
- Organ / stage
- fruite2
- Outcome
- fruit Ca absorption ratee2
- Direction
- more intensivee2
- Qualifier
- decreasing dramatically until harveste2
- Comparator
- second halfe2
- Setting
- Experimental Station of Lleidae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium (Ca) is one of the most important elements in apple fruit quality”
e1“The study was carried out in the Experimental Station of Lleida, with five year-old ‘Golden Smoothee’ apple trees”
e2“Results demonstrated that fruit Ca absorption rate in ‘Golden’ apples was more intensive during the first half of the fruit growing season than in the second half, decreasing dramatically until harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium sprays did not change the amount of fruit Ca influx during the first period compared with untreated fruits.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- Golden Smootheee1
- Treatment
- Ca sprayse3
- Outcome
- amount of fruit Ca influx during the first periode3
- Direction
- similare3
- Comparator
- untreated fruitse3
- Setting
- Experimental Station of Lleidae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium (Ca) is one of the most important elements in apple fruit quality”
e1“The study was carried out in the Experimental Station of Lleida, with five year-old ‘Golden Smoothee’ apple trees”
e3“Even though Ca sprays were applied during the entire season, the amount of fruit Ca influx during the first period was similar in treated and untreated fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium sprays increased fruit Ca accumulation during the second period compared with untreated fruits.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- Ca sprayse3
- Outcome
- Cae4
- Direction
- moree4
- Qualifier
- during the second periode4
- Comparator
- untreated fruitse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium (Ca) is one of the most important elements in apple fruit quality”
e3“Even though Ca sprays were applied during the entire season, the amount of fruit Ca influx during the first period was similar in treated and untreated fruits”
e4“during the second period, treated fruits accumulated more Ca and final Ca contents were higher”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium sprays gave higher final fruit Ca contents than untreated fruits.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- Ca sprayse3
- Outcome
- final Ca contentse4
- Direction
- highere4
- Comparator
- untreated fruitse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium (Ca) is one of the most important elements in apple fruit quality”
e3“Even though Ca sprays were applied during the entire season, the amount of fruit Ca influx during the first period was similar in treated and untreated fruits”
e4“during the second period, treated fruits accumulated more Ca and final Ca contents were higher”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprayed fruits had greater Ca content than unsprayed fruit with 10 or 6 Ca sprays.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- 10 or 6 Ca sprayse6
- Outcome
- Ca contente5
- Direction
- greatere5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium (Ca) is one of the most important elements in apple fruit quality”
e5“Sprayed fruits had greater Ca content, better quality and cold storage aptitude, and fewer fruit disorders”
e6“10 or 6 Ca sprays were applied every two weeks period”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprayed fruits had better quality and cold storage aptitude after 10 or 6 Ca sprays.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- 10 or 6 Ca sprayse6
- Outcome
- quality and cold storage aptitudee5
- Direction
- bettere5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium (Ca) is one of the most important elements in apple fruit quality”
e5“Sprayed fruits had greater Ca content, better quality and cold storage aptitude, and fewer fruit disorders”
e6“10 or 6 Ca sprays were applied every two weeks period”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprayed fruits had fewer fruit disorders after 10 or 6 Ca sprays.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- 10 or 6 Ca sprayse6
- Outcome
- fruit disorderse5
- Direction
- fewere5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium (Ca) is one of the most important elements in apple fruit quality”
e5“Sprayed fruits had greater Ca content, better quality and cold storage aptitude, and fewer fruit disorders”
e6“10 or 6 Ca sprays were applied every two weeks period”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium sprays did not alter other fruit nutrient contents.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- Ca sprayse7
- Outcome
- other fruit nutrient contentse7
- Direction
- not alterede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium (Ca) is one of the most important elements in apple fruit quality”
e7“Although other fruit nutrient contents were not altered by Ca sprays”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium sprays gave more balanced Ca-related nutrient ratios in apple fruit.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- Ca sprayse7
- Outcome
- Ca-related nutrient ratios like N/Ca and (K+Mg)/Cae6
- Direction
- more balancede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium (Ca) is one of the most important elements in apple fruit quality”
e7“Although other fruit nutrient contents were not altered by Ca sprays”
e6“Ca-related nutrient ratios like N/Ca and (K+Mg)/Ca gave more balanced values”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten calcium sprays did not improve fruit Ca content compared with six.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- 10 treatmentse6
- Outcome
- Ca content in the fruitse6
- Direction
- did not improvee6
- Comparator
- 6e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium (Ca) is one of the most important elements in apple fruit quality”
e6“Both application strategies, exhibited similar results and 10 treatments did not improve Ca content in the fruits compared with 6”
Claim · model-written summary
The two calcium spray application strategies gave similar results.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- Both application strategiese6
- Outcome
- resultse6
- Direction
- similare6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium (Ca) is one of the most important elements in apple fruit quality”
e6“Both application strategies, exhibited similar results and 10 treatments did not improve Ca content in the fruits compared with 6”
Claim · model-written summary
The same calcium treatments in commercial orchards gave similar values.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- The same treatmentse6
- Outcome
- valuese6
- Direction
- similare6
- Setting
- commercial orchardse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium (Ca) is one of the most important elements in apple fruit quality”
e6“The same treatments were also applied in commercial orchards and similar values were obtained”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying with Ca during the first growing period gave no apparent response; Ca is mainly supplied by root absorption.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- spraying with Cae6
- Outcome
- response to spraying with Ca during the first growing periode6
- Qualifier
- Ca is mainly provided by root absorptione6
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium (Ca) is one of the most important elements in apple fruit quality”
e6“there was no apparent response to spraying with Ca during the first growing period, while Ca is mainly provided by root absorption”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Ca applications in the second part of the season were more effective and increased fruit Ca accumulation.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- foliar applicationse6
- Outcome
- fruit Ca accumulatione6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Qualifier
- more effectivee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium (Ca) is one of the most important elements in apple fruit quality”
e6“in the second part of the season, when fruit Ca absorption is limited, foliar applications were more effective and fruit Ca accumulation increased”
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See all 116 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.