Abstract
Abstract Use of antibiotic-contaminated manure in crop production poses a severe threat to soil and plant health. However, few studies have studied the mechanism by which plant development is affected by antibiotics. Here, we used microscopy, flow cytometry, gene expression analysis and fluorescent dyes to study the effects of oxytetracycline (OTC), a widely used antibiotic in agriculture, on root meristem activity and the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and nitric oxide (NO) in the root tips of tomato seedlings. We found that OTC caused cell cycle arrest, decreased the size of root meristem and inhibited root growth. Interestingly, the inhibition of root growth by OTC was associated with a decline in H 2 O 2 levels but an increase in NO levels in the root tips. Diphenyliodonium (DPI), an inhibitor of H 2 O 2 production, showed similar effects on root growth as those of OTC. However, exogenous H 2 O 2 partially reversed the effects on the cell cycle, meristem size and root growth. Importantly, cPTIO (the NO scavenger) and tungstate (an inhibitor of nitrate reductase) significantly increased H 2 O 2 levels in the root tips and reversed the inhibition of root growth by OTC. Out results suggest that OTC-induced NO production inhibits H 2 O 2 accumulation in the root tips, thus leading to cell cycle arrest and suppression of root growth.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Oxytetracycline inhibited root growth of tomato seedlings.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlings
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- OTCe1
- Outcome
- root growthe1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the root tips of tomato seedlings”
e1“OTC caused cell cycle arrest, decreased the size of root meristem and inhibited root growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxytetracycline decreased the size of the root meristem in tomato seedlings.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- OTCe1
- Outcome
- size of root meristeme1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the root tips of tomato seedlings”
e1“OTC caused cell cycle arrest, decreased the size of root meristem and inhibited root growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxytetracycline caused cell cycle arrest in tomato seedling root meristem.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- OTCe1
- Outcome
- cell cycle arreste1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the root tips of tomato seedlings”
e1“OTC caused cell cycle arrest, decreased the size of root meristem and inhibited root growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The root growth inhibition by OTC was associated with a decline in H2O2 levels in root tips.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- OTCe2
- Outcome
- H 2 O 2 levelse2
- Direction
- declinee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the root tips of tomato seedlings”
e2“the inhibition of root growth by OTC was associated with a decline in H 2 O 2 levels but an increase in NO levels in the root tips”
Claim · model-written summary
The root growth inhibition by OTC was associated with an increase in NO levels in root tips.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- OTCe2
- Outcome
- NO levels in the root tipse2
- Direction
- increasee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the root tips of tomato seedlings”
e2“the inhibition of root growth by OTC was associated with a decline in H 2 O 2 levels but an increase in NO levels in the root tips”
Claim · model-written summary
Diphenyliodonium, an H2O2 production inhibitor, had root growth effects similar to OTC.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Diphenyliodonium (DPI)e3
- Outcome
- root growthe3
- Direction
- similar effectse3
- Comparator
- OTCe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the root tips of tomato seedlings”
e3“Diphenyliodonium (DPI), an inhibitor of H 2 O 2 production, showed similar effects on root growth as those of OTC”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous H2O2 partially reversed the effects of OTC on the cell cycle, meristem size and root growth.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- exogenous H 2 O 2e4
- Outcome
- effects on the cell cycle, meristem size and root growthe4
- Direction
- partially reversede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the root tips of tomato seedlings”
e4“exogenous H 2 O 2 partially reversed the effects on the cell cycle, meristem size and root growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The NO scavenger cPTIO significantly increased H2O2 levels in tomato root tips.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- root tipse5
- Treatment
- cPTIO (the NO scavenger)e5
- Outcome
- H 2 O 2 levelse5
- Direction
- significantly increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the root tips of tomato seedlings”
e5“cPTIO (the NO scavenger) and tungstate (an inhibitor of nitrate reductase) significantly increased H 2 O 2 levels in the root tips and reversed the inhibition of root growth by OTC”
Claim · model-written summary
The nitrate reductase inhibitor tungstate significantly increased H2O2 levels in tomato root tips.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- root tipse5
- Treatment
- tungstate (an inhibitor of nitrate reductase)e5
- Outcome
- H 2 O 2 levelse5
- Direction
- significantly increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the root tips of tomato seedlings”
e5“cPTIO (the NO scavenger) and tungstate (an inhibitor of nitrate reductase) significantly increased H 2 O 2 levels in the root tips and reversed the inhibition of root growth by OTC”
Claim · model-written summary
cPTIO and tungstate reversed the OTC-induced inhibition of root growth.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- cPTIO (the NO scavenger) and tungstatee5
- Outcome
- inhibition of root growth by OTCe5
- Direction
- reversede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the root tips of tomato seedlings”
e5“cPTIO (the NO scavenger) and tungstate (an inhibitor of nitrate reductase) significantly increased H 2 O 2 levels in the root tips and reversed the inhibition of root growth by OTC”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that OTC-induced NO production inhibits H2O2 accumulation in tomato root tips, leading to cell cycle arrest and root growth suppression.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- OTCe6
- Outcome
- H 2 O 2 accumulation in the root tipse6
- Qualifier
- OTC-induced NO productione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the root tips of tomato seedlings”
e6“OTC-induced NO production inhibits H 2 O 2 accumulation in the root tips”
The same questions in other papers
hydrogen peroxide · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →nitric oxide · disease · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.