Abstract
A three-factor field experiment evaluated grain yield, yield components and some grain quality traits (Zeleny sedimentation value and the contents of protein, gluten, starch, carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin and amino acids) of eight winter spelt cultivars as influenced by the tillage system (conventional and reduced tillage) and chemical plant protection (application of two herbicides: Mustang 306 SE and Attribut 70 WG, a fungicide Alert 375 SC and a growth regulator Stabilan 750 SL). Plots without the use of plant protection chemicals were the control treatment. Yield and chemical composition of spelt grain were most dependent on the genetic determinants of the individual cultivar, but it is possible to affect yield quantity and quality through agronomic factors. The highest grain yields were produced by the cultivars 'Badengold', 'Ceralio', 'Frankenkorn' and 'Ostro', while in terms of grain quality the most valuable were cvs. 'Ceralio' and 'Ostro'. Under the conditions of reduced tillage system, the spelt grain yields were significantly lower than under the conventional tillage, but the evaluated cultivars responded differently to this factor. The highest reduction in yield compared to conventional soil tillage was found for the cvs. 'Oberkulmer Rotkorn', 'Spelt I.N.Z.' and 'Schwabenkorn', while the lowest one for cv. 'Ceralio'. On the other hand, the ploughless tillage contributed to a significant increase in Zeleny sedimentation value as well as in grain protein and gluten content, whereas the starch content decreased. At the same time, the grain amino acid content was at a similar level under both tillage systems. Chemical plant protection significantly increased the Zeleny sedimentation value and the grain protein content. The number of ears per 1 m 2 and grain yields also increased and the highest yield increase compared to the treatment without chemical plant protection products was achieved by the cvs. 'Schwabenkorn', 'Spelt I.N.Z.' and 'Frankenkorn'.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Spelt grain yield and chemical composition depended most on the cultivar genetics, though agronomic factors can affect them.
- Taxon
- winter spelt
_Locatie_De_Kruidhof.JPG?width=60)
Triticum speltat0 - Material
- individual cultivare1
- Outcome
- Yield and chemical composition of spelt graine1
- Qualifier
- most dependent on the genetic determinants of the individual cultivare1
- Setting
- field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Locatie_De_Kruidhof.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Reaction of winter spelt cultivars to reduced tillage system and chemical plant protection”
e0“A three-factor field experiment evaluated grain yield, yield components and some grain quality traits”
e1“Yield and chemical composition of spelt grain were most dependent on the genetic determinants of the individual cultivar, but it is possible to affect yield quantity and quality through agronomic factors”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yields were highest for the cultivars Badengold, Ceralio, Frankenkorn and Ostro.
- Taxon
- winter speltTriticum speltat0
- Material
- 'Badengold', 'Ceralio', 'Frankenkorn' and 'Ostro'e2
- Outcome
- grain yieldse2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Setting
- field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Reaction of winter spelt cultivars to reduced tillage system and chemical plant protection”
e0“A three-factor field experiment evaluated grain yield, yield components and some grain quality traits”
e2“The highest grain yields were produced by the cultivars 'Badengold', 'Ceralio', 'Frankenkorn' and 'Ostro'”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain quality was most valuable in the cultivars Ceralio and Ostro.
- Taxon
- winter speltTriticum speltat0
- Material
- 'Ceralio' and 'Ostro'e3
- Outcome
- grain qualitye3
- Direction
- most valuablee3
- Setting
- field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Reaction of winter spelt cultivars to reduced tillage system and chemical plant protection”
e0“A three-factor field experiment evaluated grain yield, yield components and some grain quality traits”
e3“in terms of grain quality the most valuable were cvs. 'Ceralio' and 'Ostro'”
Claim · model-written summary
Under reduced tillage, spelt grain yields were significantly lower than under conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- winter speltTriticum speltat0
- Treatment
- reduced tillage systeme4
- Outcome
- spelt grain yieldse4
- Direction
- significantly lowere4
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee4
- Setting
- field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Reaction of winter spelt cultivars to reduced tillage system and chemical plant protection”
e0“A three-factor field experiment evaluated grain yield, yield components and some grain quality traits”
e4“Under the conditions of reduced tillage system, the spelt grain yields were significantly lower than under the conventional tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
The largest yield reduction under reduced tillage compared with conventional tillage was in the cultivars Oberkulmer Rotkorn, Spelt I.N.Z. and Schwabenkorn.
- Taxon
- winter speltTriticum speltat0
- Material
- 'Oberkulmer Rotkorn', 'Spelt I.N.Z.' and 'Schwabenkorn'e5
- Treatment
- reduced tillage systeme6
- Outcome
- reduction in yielde5
- Direction
- higheste5
- Comparator
- conventional soil tillagee5
- Setting
- field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Reaction of winter spelt cultivars to reduced tillage system and chemical plant protection”
e0“A three-factor field experiment evaluated grain yield, yield components and some grain quality traits”
e5“The highest reduction in yield compared to conventional soil tillage was found for the cvs. 'Oberkulmer Rotkorn', 'Spelt I.N.Z.' and 'Schwabenkorn'”
e6“Under the conditions of reduced tillage system”
Claim · model-written summary
The smallest yield reduction under reduced tillage compared with conventional tillage was in the cultivar Ceralio.
- Taxon
- winter speltTriticum speltat0
- Material
- 'Ceralio'e7
- Treatment
- reduced tillage systeme6
- Outcome
- reduction in yielde5
- Direction
- loweste7
- Comparator
- conventional soil tillagee5
- Setting
- field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Reaction of winter spelt cultivars to reduced tillage system and chemical plant protection”
e0“A three-factor field experiment evaluated grain yield, yield components and some grain quality traits”
e5“The highest reduction in yield compared to conventional soil tillage was found for the cvs. 'Oberkulmer Rotkorn', 'Spelt I.N.Z.' and 'Schwabenkorn'”
e6“Under the conditions of reduced tillage system”
e7“while the lowest one for cv. 'Ceralio'”
Claim · model-written summary
Ploughless tillage significantly increased Zeleny sedimentation value, grain protein and gluten content of spelt.
- Taxon
- winter speltTriticum speltat0
- Treatment
- ploughless tillagee1
- Outcome
- Zeleny sedimentation value as well as in grain protein and gluten contente1
- Direction
- significant increasee1
- Setting
- field experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Reaction of winter spelt cultivars to reduced tillage system and chemical plant protection”
e0“A three-factor field experiment evaluated grain yield, yield components and some grain quality traits”
e1“On the other hand, the ploughless tillage contributed to a significant increase in Zeleny sedimentation value as well as in grain protein and gluten content, whereas the starch content decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Ploughless tillage decreased spelt grain starch content.
- Taxon
- winter speltTriticum speltat0
- Treatment
- ploughless tillagee1
- Outcome
- starch contente1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Setting
- field experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Reaction of winter spelt cultivars to reduced tillage system and chemical plant protection”
e0“A three-factor field experiment evaluated grain yield, yield components and some grain quality traits”
e1“On the other hand, the ploughless tillage contributed to a significant increase in Zeleny sedimentation value as well as in grain protein and gluten content, whereas the starch content decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain amino acid content of spelt was at a similar level under both tillage systems.
- Taxon
- winter speltTriticum speltat0
- Treatment
- tillage systemse1
- Outcome
- grain amino acid contente1
- Direction
- similar levele1
- Setting
- field experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Reaction of winter spelt cultivars to reduced tillage system and chemical plant protection”
e0“A three-factor field experiment evaluated grain yield, yield components and some grain quality traits”
e1“At the same time, the grain amino acid content was at a similar level under both tillage systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical plant protection significantly increased Zeleny sedimentation value and grain protein content of spelt.
- Taxon
- winter speltTriticum speltat0
- Treatment
- Chemical plant protectione1
- Outcome
- the Zeleny sedimentation value and the grain protein contente1
- Direction
- significantly increasede1
- Setting
- field experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Reaction of winter spelt cultivars to reduced tillage system and chemical plant protection”
e0“A three-factor field experiment evaluated grain yield, yield components and some grain quality traits”
e1“Chemical plant protection significantly increased the Zeleny sedimentation value and the grain protein content”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical plant protection increased the number of ears per 1 m 2 and grain yields of spelt compared with no protection.
- Taxon
- winter speltTriticum speltat0
- Treatment
- chemical plant protectione1
- Outcome
- number of ears per 1 m 2 and grain yieldse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- treatment without chemical plant protection productse1
- Setting
- field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Reaction of winter spelt cultivars to reduced tillage system and chemical plant protection”
e0“A three-factor field experiment evaluated grain yield, yield components and some grain quality traits”
e1“The number of ears per 1 m 2 and grain yields also increased and the highest yield increase compared to the treatment without chemical plant protection products was achieved by the cvs. 'Schwabenkorn', 'Spelt I.N.Z.' and 'Frankenkorn'”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest yield increase from chemical plant protection was in the cultivars Schwabenkorn, Spelt I.N.Z. and Frankenkorn.
- Taxon
- winter speltTriticum speltat0
- Material
- 'Schwabenkorn', 'Spelt I.N.Z.' and 'Frankenkorn'e1
- Treatment
- chemical plant protectione1
- Outcome
- yield increasee1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Comparator
- treatment without chemical plant protection productse1
- Setting
- field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Reaction of winter spelt cultivars to reduced tillage system and chemical plant protection”
e0“A three-factor field experiment evaluated grain yield, yield components and some grain quality traits”
e1“The number of ears per 1 m 2 and grain yields also increased and the highest yield increase compared to the treatment without chemical plant protection products was achieved by the cvs. 'Schwabenkorn', 'Spelt I.N.Z.' and 'Frankenkorn'”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield quantity and quality of spelt are possible to affect through agronomic factors.
- Taxon
- winter speltTriticum speltat0
- Treatment
- agronomic factorse1
- Outcome
- yield quantity and qualitye1
- Setting
- field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Reaction of winter spelt cultivars to reduced tillage system and chemical plant protection”
e0“A three-factor field experiment evaluated grain yield, yield components and some grain quality traits”
e1“Yield and chemical composition of spelt grain were most dependent on the genetic determinants of the individual cultivar, but it is possible to affect yield quantity and quality through agronomic factors”
Claim · model-written summary
The evaluated spelt cultivars responded differently to reduced tillage.
- Taxon
- winter speltTriticum speltat0
- Material
- the evaluated cultivarse1
- Outcome
- responded differently to this factore1
- Setting
- field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Reaction of winter spelt cultivars to reduced tillage system and chemical plant protection”
e0“A three-factor field experiment evaluated grain yield, yield components and some grain quality traits”
e1“the evaluated cultivars responded differently to this factor”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · yield · Triticum spelta (spelt)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.