Abstract
Background: This study was conducted to examine the potential antifungal activity and protective effect of some nanoparticles in controlling root rot disease of sugar beet. Magnesium oxide, titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles (MgO, TiO 2 and ZnO NPs) were investigated against three pathogenic fungi isolated from sugar beet roots, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp., betae, Sclerotium rolfsii and Rhizoctonia solani in vitro and under greenhouse conditions. Materials and Methods: Solutions of particles of MgO, TiO 2 and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were used in different concentrations in vitro to study the inhibition of fungal radial growth and by spraying fungal culture of the tested fungi to test the effect of nanoparticles on hyphal and spore formation and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to visualize the effect of this application. Greenhouse experiment was conducted and sugar beet seeds (cv., Kawamera) were treated with the nanoparticles concentrations as seed dressing then seeds were planted in infested soil with the tested fungi. Disease assessment was evaluated, also the effect of nanoparticles on the vegetative and the chemical characteristics of sugar beet were examined. Results: Obtained results showed that the three NPs tested with concentrations investigated (25, 50 and 100 ppm) increased the in vitro fungal growth inhibition by reducing the radial fungal growth with the best effect was recorded with the highest concentration. Meanwhile, TiO 2 NP (100 ppm) showed the highest effect in decreasing mean radial growth by 77.25%. Also, TiO 2 showed 100% inhibition on sclerotia formation of Sclerotium rolfsii, while MgO was most effective and decreased sporulation (number of conidia) of Fusariun oxysporum f. sp., betae by 69.23%. The greenhouse experiment showed that the tested all tested NPs significantly decreased the developed root rot severity and TiO 2 was most effective and decreased it to 1.39% compared to 28.2% for the untreated. On the other hand, treatments with the tested NPs significantly increased root fresh weight (biomass) of the plants and also the dry weight compared to the untreated infested control. This was accompanied with an increase in sucrose and Total Soluble Solids (TSS) and also the total phenol content and activity of the defense related enzyme, polyphenol oxidase. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results the use of magnesium oxide, titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles could be a good and environmentally safe alternative of fungicides in controlling damping-off and root rot disease of sugar beet.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Three NPs at 25, 50 and 100 ppm increased in vitro inhibition of fungal radial growth, most strongly at the highest concentration.
- Taxon
- Sugar Beet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0 - Treatment
- three NPse1
- Outcome
- in vitro fungal growth inhibitione1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Setting
- in vitroe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar Beet”
e1“the three NPs tested with concentrations investigated (25, 50 and 100 ppm) increased the in vitro fungal growth inhibition by reducing the radial fungal growth with the best effect was recorded with the highest concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
TiO2 NP at 100 ppm decreased mean radial growth by 77.25%, the largest reduction among the NPs.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- TiO 2 NP (100 ppm)e2
- Outcome
- mean radial growthe2
- Direction
- decreasinge2
- Value
- 77.25%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar Beet”
e2“TiO 2 NP (100 ppm) showed the highest effect in decreasing mean radial growth by 77.25%”
Claim · model-written summary
TiO2 showed 100% inhibition of sclerotia formation of Sclerotium rolfsii.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- TiO 2e3
- Interactor
- Sclerotium rolfsii
Agroathelia rolfsiie3pathogen - Outcome
- sclerotia formation of Sclerotium rolfsiie3
- Direction
- inhibitione3
- Value
- 100%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar Beet”
e3“TiO 2 showed 100% inhibition on sclerotia formation of Sclerotium rolfsii”
Claim · model-written summary
MgO was most effective and decreased sporulation of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. betae by 69.23%.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- MgOe4
- Interactor
- Fusariun oxysporum f. sp., betaee4pathogen
- Outcome
- sporulation (number of conidia) of Fusariun oxysporum f. sp., betaee4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Value
- 69.23%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar Beet”
e4“MgO was most effective and decreased sporulation (number of conidia) of Fusariun oxysporum f. sp., betae by 69.23%”
Claim · model-written summary
In the greenhouse, all tested NPs significantly decreased root rot severity on sugar beet.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- tested all tested NPse5
- Outcome
- developed root rot severitye5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Setting
- greenhouse experimente5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar Beet”
e5“The greenhouse experiment showed that the tested all tested NPs significantly decreased the developed root rot severity”
Claim · model-written summary
TiO2 was the most effective NP, reducing root rot severity to 1.39% against 28.2% in untreated plants.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- TiO 2e6
- Outcome
- developed root rot severitye5
- Direction
- decreasede6
- Value
- 1.39%e6
- Qualifier
- 28.2%e6
- Comparator
- untreatede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar Beet”
e5“The greenhouse experiment showed that the tested all tested NPs significantly decreased the developed root rot severity”
e6“TiO 2 was most effective and decreased it to 1.39% compared to 28.2% for the untreated”
Claim · model-written summary
NP treatments significantly increased root fresh and dry weight of sugar beet compared with the untreated infested control.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- roote7
- Treatment
- tested NPse7
- Outcome
- root fresh weight (biomass)e7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Comparator
- untreated infested controle7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar Beet”
e7“treatments with the tested NPs significantly increased root fresh weight (biomass) of the plants and also the dry weight compared to the untreated infested control”
Claim · model-written summary
NP treatments increased sucrose and total soluble solids in sugar beet.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- tested NPse1
- Outcome
- sucrose and Total Soluble Solids (TSS)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar Beet”
e0“an increase in sucrose and Total Soluble Solids (TSS)”
e1“treatments with the tested NPs”
Claim · model-written summary
NP treatments increased total phenol content and polyphenol oxidase activity in sugar beet.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- tested NPse1
- Gene
- polyphenol oxidasee2
- Outcome
- total phenol content and activitye2
- Direction
- increasee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar Beet”
e1“treatments with the tested NPs”
e2“This was accompanied with an increase in sucrose and Total Soluble Solids (TSS) and also the total phenol content and activity of the defense related enzyme, polyphenol oxidase”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend MgO, TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles as an environmentally safe alternative to fungicides for damping-off and root rot of sugar beet.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Outcome
- controlling damping-off and root rot diseasee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar Beet”
e3“could be a good and environmentally safe alternative of fungicides in controlling damping-off and root rot disease of sugar beet”
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