Abstract
Core Ideas Rainfall between preflood urea‐N application and flooding can be detrimental to rice grain yield. Use of the NBPT reduces yield loss from N transformations facilitated by rainfall between the urea application and flooding. Rainfall after urea application appears to reduce NH 3 loss but enhance denitrification. The effect of rainfall between urea application and flood establishment on rice ( Oryza sativa L.) grain yield has not been studied. We compared the effects of simulated rainfall amount and N‐(n‐butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) urease inhibitor rate on NH 3 volatilization and rice growth. Three field experiments were conducted and NH 3 volatilization was measured in two trials for 11 d after urea application (DAA). Untreated urea (Urea) or NBPT‐treated urea (NBPT‐Urea) was subjected to six simulated rainfall amounts (0–25.4 mm) applied 5 to 15 h after fertilizer application and flooded 7 to 12 DAA. Cumulative NH 3 loss from Urea accounted for 8.6% of the applied N (112–118 kg N ha −1 ) with no simulated rainfall and decreased quadratically to 0.6% with 25.4 mm of simulated rainfall. Cumulative NH 3 loss from NBPT‐Urea decreased quadratically as simulated rainfall amount increased but loss was 0.2 to 2.0% of the applied N. Depending on the site, yields of rice fertilized with Urea decreased linearly or nonlinearly as simulated rainfall increased with the greatest yield produced by rice receiving no simulated rainfall. The yields of rice fertilized with NBPT‐Urea were not affected by simulated rainfall amount in two trials. In the third trial, the yields of rice receiving NBPT‐Urea decreased nonlinearly as simulated rainfall amount increased but were 8.9 to 18.1% (746–1376 kg ha −1 ) greater than the yields of Urea‐fertilized rice. Rainfall following urea application reduces NH 3 loss but appears to increase N loss via denitrification. Based on yield results, total N loss was reduced when urea was treated with NBPT.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
With untreated urea, simulated rainfall reduced cumulative ammonia loss from 8.6% to 0.6% of applied nitrogen.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Treatment
- 25.4 mm of simulated rainfalle0
- Outcome
- Cumulative NH 3 losse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 0.6%e0
- Qualifier
- 8.6% of the applied Ne0
- Comparator
- no simulated rainfalle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cumulative NH 3 loss from Urea accounted for 8.6% of the applied N (112–118 kg N ha −1 ) with no simulated rainfall and decreased quadratically to 0.6% with 25.4 mm of simulated rainfall”
e1“rice ( Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
With NBPT-treated urea, ammonia loss fell as simulated rainfall increased and ranged from 0.2 to 2.0% of applied nitrogen.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- simulated rainfalle0
- Outcome
- Cumulative NH 3 losse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 0.2 to 2.0% of the applied Ne0
- Qualifier
- NBPT‐Ureae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cumulative NH 3 loss from NBPT‐Urea decreased quadratically as simulated rainfall amount increased but loss was 0.2 to 2.0% of the applied N”
e1“rice ( Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice yield with untreated urea decreased as simulated rainfall increased, and was greatest with no simulated rainfall.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- simulated rainfalle0
- Outcome
- yields of ricee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- no simulated rainfalle0
Not reportedQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yields of rice fertilized with Urea decreased linearly or nonlinearly as simulated rainfall increased with the greatest yield produced by rice receiving no simulated rainfall”
Claim · model-written summary
In two trials, simulated rainfall amount did not affect rice yield with NBPT-treated urea.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- simulated rainfall amounte0
- Outcome
- yields of ricee0
- Direction
- not affectede0
- Qualifier
- two trialse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yields of rice fertilized with NBPT‐Urea were not affected by simulated rainfall amount in two trials”
Claim · model-written summary
In a third trial, yield with NBPT-treated urea decreased nonlinearly as simulated rainfall increased.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- simulated rainfall amounte0
- Outcome
- yields of ricee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- third triale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the third trial, the yields of rice receiving NBPT‐Urea decreased nonlinearly as simulated rainfall amount increased”
Claim · model-written summary
In the third trial, NBPT-treated urea produced 8.9 to 18.1% greater rice yields than untreated urea.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- NBPT‐Ureae0
- Outcome
- yields of ricee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 8.9 to 18.1%e0
- Qualifier
- 746–1376 kg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- Urea‐fertilized ricee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yields of rice receiving NBPT‐Urea decreased nonlinearly as simulated rainfall amount increased but were 8.9 to 18.1% (746–1376 kg ha −1 ) greater than the yields of Urea‐fertilized rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors inferred that rainfall after urea application increased nitrogen loss through denitrification.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Rainfall following urea applicatione0
- Outcome
- N loss via denitrificatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rainfall following urea application reduces NH 3 loss but appears to increase N loss via denitrification”
e1“rice ( Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors inferred from yield that NBPT treatment reduced total nitrogen loss.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- urea was treated with NBPTe0
- Outcome
- total N losse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Based on yield results, total N loss was reduced when urea was treated with NBPT”
e1“rice ( Oryza sativa L.)”
The same questions in other papers
rainfall · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
21 papers in the same direction as this paper · 29 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
47 papers more in this group
See all 51 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.