Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) and nitric oxide (NO) are vital signals in modulating plant response to abiotic stress. However, to our knowledge, studies on the relationship between NO and PAs in response to cold stress in tomato are limited. Accordingly, in this study, we investigated the effects of putrescine (Put) and spermidine (Spd) on NO generation and the function of Spd-induced NO in the tolerance of tomato seedling under chilling stress. Spd increased NO release via the nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like and nitrate reductase (NR) enzymatic pathways in the seedlings, whereas Put had no such effect. Moreover, H 2 O 2 might act as an upstream signal to stimulate NO production. Both exogenous NO donor (sodium nitroprusside (SNP)) and Spd enhanced chilling tolerance in tomato, thereby protecting the photosynthetic system from damage. Compared to chilling treatment alone, Spd enhanced the gene expressions of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and their enzyme activities in tomato leaves. However, a scavenger or inhibitor of NO abolished Spd-induced chilling tolerance and blocked the increased expression and activity due to Spd of these antioxidant enzymes in tomato leaves under chilling stress. The results showed that NO induced by Spd plays a crucial role in tomato's response to chilling stress.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine increased nitric oxide release through NOS-like and nitrate reductase pathways in tomato seedlings.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- Spde0
- Gene
- nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like and nitrate reductase (NR)e0
- Outcome
- NO releasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spd increased NO release via the nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like and nitrate reductase (NR) enzymatic pathways in the seedlings”
e1“cold stress in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Putrescine did not increase nitric oxide release in tomato seedlings.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- Pute0
- Outcome
- NO releasee1
- Direction
- no such effecte0
- Comparator
- Spde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas Put had no such effect”
e1“Spd increased NO release via the nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like and nitrate reductase (NR) enzymatic pathways in the seedlings”
e2“cold stress in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen peroxide may act upstream to stimulate nitric oxide production in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Compound
- H 2 O 2e0
- Outcome
- NO productione0
- Qualifier
- upstream signale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“H 2 O 2 might act as an upstream signal to stimulate NO production”
e1“cold stress in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
An exogenous nitric oxide donor enhanced chilling tolerance and protected the tomato photosynthetic system.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- exogenous NO donor (sodium nitroprusside (SNP))e0
- Outcome
- chilling tolerancee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both exogenous NO donor (sodium nitroprusside (SNP)) and Spd enhanced chilling tolerance in tomato, thereby protecting the photosynthetic system from damage”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine enhanced chilling tolerance and protected the tomato photosynthetic system.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Spde0
- Outcome
- chilling tolerancee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both exogenous NO donor (sodium nitroprusside (SNP)) and Spd enhanced chilling tolerance in tomato, thereby protecting the photosynthetic system from damage”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with chilling alone, spermidine enhanced expression and enzyme activity of SOD, POD, CAT and APX in tomato leaves.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Spde0
- Gene
- superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)e0
- Outcome
- gene expressionse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- chilling treatment alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to chilling treatment alone, Spd enhanced the gene expressions of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and their enzyme activities in tomato leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
A nitric oxide scavenger or inhibitor abolished spermidine-induced chilling tolerance in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- a scavenger or inhibitor of NOe0
- Outcome
- Spd-induced chilling tolerancee0
- Direction
- abolishede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a scavenger or inhibitor of NO abolished Spd-induced chilling tolerance and blocked the increased expression and activity due to Spd of these antioxidant enzymes in tomato leaves under chilling stress”
Claim · model-written summary
A nitric oxide scavenger or inhibitor blocked spermidine-induced antioxidant enzyme expression and activity in tomato leaves.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- a scavenger or inhibitor of NOe0
- Outcome
- expression and activitye0
- Direction
- blockede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a scavenger or inhibitor of NO abolished Spd-induced chilling tolerance and blocked the increased expression and activity due to Spd of these antioxidant enzymes in tomato leaves under chilling stress”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that spermidine-induced nitric oxide is crucial to the tomato chilling response.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Spde0
- Compound
- NOe0
- Outcome
- tomato's response to chilling stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NO induced by Spd plays a crucial role in tomato's response to chilling stress”
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spermidine · tolerance: abiotic · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
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spermidine · molecular: expression · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.