Abstract
Cotton plant growth and development, as well as monitoring nutrient use efficiency were evaluated using hydroponic approach. Two set of experiments were conducted to determine the influence of phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and PK and exogenous application of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3), zeatin (Z) and their combinations on growth and development of cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum) grown hydroponically. In the nutrient solution experiment, cotton vegetative growth was positively influenced by low P (half strength Hoagland standard solution), low K (one-sixth strength Hoagland standard solution) and high PK treatments (Hoagland standard solution). Phytohormone experiment negatively supported vegetative growth except root length at 43 days after transplanting (DAT). The nutrients levels applied significantly favoured NPK uptake by cotton plants while exogenous phytohormones application did not affect NPK uptake by cotton plants, except N uptake by stem. Low P and low K treatments estimated to have high nutrient use efficiency (NUE). For chlorophyll formation, low K and high PK significantly increased formation of chlorophyll a, b and total ab while the application of GA3, IAA, Z and IAA x GA3 x 2Z treatments significantly increased chlorophyll a, b and total ab at 80 DAT only. Low K and low P treatments stimulated endogenous phytohormone contents in the cotton plants. In the phytohormone experiment, cotton plants treated to IAA x GA3 x Z increased endogenous phytohormone contents in the cotton plants. Low P, low K, high PK treatments and phytohormones treatments significantly increased root area, root volume and root activity. Low P, low K and high PK treatments applied significantly influenced residual level of P and K in the hydroponics while phytohormone treatments did not affect residual level of P and K except at 43 DAT. Evapotranspiration rate was high at early and reproductive stages of plant growth. This report shows the response of mineral nutrients and phytohormones to support growth and development of cotton plants grown hydroponically.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Low phosphorus improved cotton vegetative growth.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Treatment
- low P (half strength Hoagland standard solution)e0
- Outcome
- vegetative growthe0
- Direction
- positively influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cotton vegetative growth was positively influenced by low P (half strength Hoagland standard solution)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low potassium improved cotton vegetative growth.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- low K (one-sixth strength Hoagland standard solution)e0
- Outcome
- vegetative growthe0
- Direction
- positively influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cotton vegetative growth was positively influenced by low P (half strength Hoagland standard solution), low K (one-sixth strength Hoagland standard solution)”
Claim · model-written summary
High PK improved cotton vegetative growth.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- high PK treatments (Hoagland standard solution)e0
- Outcome
- vegetative growthe0
- Direction
- positively influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cotton vegetative growth was positively influenced by low P (half strength Hoagland standard solution), low K (one-sixth strength Hoagland standard solution) and high PK treatments (Hoagland standard solution)”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytohormone treatment negatively affected vegetative growth.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- Phytohormone experimente0
- Outcome
- vegetative growthe0
- Direction
- negatively supportede0
- Qualifier
- except root length at 43 days after transplanting (DAT)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phytohormone experiment negatively supported vegetative growth except root length at 43 days after transplanting (DAT)”
e1“cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytohormone treatment increased root length at 43 DAT relative to its negative effects on other vegetative growth.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- Phytohormone experimente0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Qualifier
- 43 days after transplanting (DAT)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phytohormone experiment negatively supported vegetative growth except root length at 43 days after transplanting (DAT)”
e1“cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied nutrient levels significantly favored cotton NPK uptake.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- nutrients levels appliede0
- Outcome
- NPK uptakee0
- Direction
- favourede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The nutrients levels applied significantly favoured NPK uptake by cotton plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous phytohormones did not affect cotton NPK uptake except stem N uptake.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- exogenous phytohormones applicatione0
- Outcome
- NPK uptakee0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
- Qualifier
- except N uptake by steme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous phytohormones application did not affect NPK uptake by cotton plants, except N uptake by stem”
Claim · model-written summary
Low P gave high cotton nutrient use efficiency.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- Low Pe0
- Outcome
- nutrient use efficiency (NUE)e0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low P and low K treatments estimated to have high nutrient use efficiency (NUE)”
e1“cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low K gave high cotton nutrient use efficiency.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- low Ke0
- Outcome
- nutrient use efficiency (NUE)e0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low P and low K treatments estimated to have high nutrient use efficiency (NUE)”
e1“cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low K significantly increased cotton chlorophyll a, b and total ab.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- low Ke0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a, b and total abe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low K and high PK significantly increased formation of chlorophyll a, b and total ab”
e1“cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum)”
Claim · model-written summary
High PK significantly increased cotton chlorophyll a, b and total ab.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- high PKe0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a, b and total abe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low K and high PK significantly increased formation of chlorophyll a, b and total ab”
e1“cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum)”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 significantly increased chlorophyll a, b and total ab at 80 DAT.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- GA3e0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a, b and total abe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 80 DAT onlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of GA3, IAA, Z and IAA x GA3 x 2Z treatments significantly increased chlorophyll a, b and total ab at 80 DAT only”
e1“cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum)”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA significantly increased chlorophyll a, b and total ab at 80 DAT.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- IAAe0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a, b and total abe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 80 DAT onlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of GA3, IAA, Z and IAA x GA3 x 2Z treatments significantly increased chlorophyll a, b and total ab at 80 DAT only”
e1“cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Z significantly increased chlorophyll a, b and total ab at 80 DAT.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- Ze0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a, b and total abe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 80 DAT onlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of GA3, IAA, Z and IAA x GA3 x 2Z treatments significantly increased chlorophyll a, b and total ab at 80 DAT only”
e1“cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum)”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA x GA3 x 2Z significantly increased chlorophyll a, b and total ab at 80 DAT.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- IAA x GA3 x 2Ze0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a, b and total abe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 80 DAT onlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of GA3, IAA, Z and IAA x GA3 x 2Z treatments significantly increased chlorophyll a, b and total ab at 80 DAT only”
e1“cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low K and low P stimulated endogenous cotton phytohormone contents.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Low K and low P treatmentse0
- Outcome
- endogenous phytohormone contentse0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low K and low P treatments stimulated endogenous phytohormone contents in the cotton plants”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA x GA3 x Z increased endogenous cotton phytohormone contents.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- IAA x GA3 x Ze0
- Outcome
- endogenous phytohormone contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cotton plants treated to IAA x GA3 x Z increased endogenous phytohormone contents in the cotton plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Low P, low K, high PK and phytohormones significantly increased cotton root area, volume and activity.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- Low P, low K, high PK treatments and phytohormones treatmentse0
- Outcome
- root area, root volume and root activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low P, low K, high PK treatments and phytohormones treatments significantly increased root area, root volume and root activity”
e1“cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low P, low K and high PK significantly influenced residual hydroponic P and K levels.
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Low P, low K and high PK treatments applied significantly influenced residual level of P and K in the hydroponics”
Claim · model-written summary
Evapotranspiration was high at early and reproductive cotton growth stages.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume1
- Organ / stage
- early and reproductive stagese0
- Outcome
- Evapotranspiration ratee0
- Direction
- highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Evapotranspiration rate was high at early and reproductive stages of plant growth”
e1“cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum)”
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See all 36 papers →8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.