Abstract
The effects of mineral nutrient on banana wilt disease, which are the result of a competitive relationship between host plants and pathogens, can affect the interactions of plants with microorganisms. To investigate the mineral nutrient effect, hydroponic experiments were conducted in glasshouse containing combinations of low, medium, and high iron (Fe) and boron (B) concentrations, followed by pathogen inoculation. High Fe and B treatment significantly reduced the disease index and facilitated plants growth. With increasing Fe and B concentrations, more Fe and B accumulated in plants. High Fe and B treatment dramatically reduced the Fusarium oxysporum conidial germination rate and fungal growth compared with the other two treatments, contributing to decreased numbers of the pathogen on infected plants. Furthermore, High Fe and B treatment decreased the fusaric acid production of F. oxysporum in vitro and also increased the mannitol content of the plants, which in turn decreased the phytotoxin production of infected plants and finally reduced the disease index due to the virulence factor of phytotoxin. Taken together, these results indicate that Fe and B play a multifunctional role in reducing the severity of diseases by affecting the growth of F. oxysporum and the responses between plants and pathogens.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
High iron and boron reduced banana wilt disease index.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Treatment
- High Fe and B treatmente0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume1pathogene0 - Outcome
- disease indexe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“High Fe and B treatment significantly reduced the disease index and facilitated plants growth.”
t0“banana”
e1“High Fe and B treatment dramatically reduced the Fusarium oxysporum conidial germination rate and fungal growth compared with the other two treatments”
e2“High Fe and B treatment significantly reduced the disease index and facilitated plants growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
High iron and boron facilitated banana growth.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“High Fe and B treatment significantly reduced the disease index and facilitated plants growth.”
t0“banana”
e1“High Fe and B treatment dramatically reduced the Fusarium oxysporum conidial germination rate and fungal growth compared with the other two treatments”
e2“High Fe and B treatment significantly reduced the disease index and facilitated plants growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant iron and boron accumulation increased with supplied iron and boron.
Verbatim
e0“With increasing Fe and B concentrations, more Fe and B accumulated in plants.”
t0“banana”
e1“High Fe and B treatment dramatically reduced the Fusarium oxysporum conidial germination rate and fungal growth compared with the other two treatments”
e2“High Fe and B treatment significantly reduced the disease index and facilitated plants growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
High iron and boron reduced Fusarium oxysporum conidial germination.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Treatment
- High Fe and B treatmente0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporumFusarium oxysporume0pathogen
- Outcome
- Fusarium oxysporum conidial germination ratee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- the other two treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High Fe and B treatment dramatically reduced the Fusarium oxysporum conidial germination rate and fungal growth compared with the other two treatments”
t0“banana”
e1“High Fe and B treatment dramatically reduced the Fusarium oxysporum conidial germination rate and fungal growth compared with the other two treatments”
e2“High Fe and B treatment significantly reduced the disease index and facilitated plants growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
High iron and boron reduced Fusarium oxysporum fungal growth.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Treatment
- High Fe and B treatmente0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporumFusarium oxysporume0pathogen
- Outcome
- Fusarium oxysporum conidial germination rate and fungal growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- the other two treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High Fe and B treatment dramatically reduced the Fusarium oxysporum conidial germination rate and fungal growth compared with the other two treatments”
t0“banana”
e1“High Fe and B treatment dramatically reduced the Fusarium oxysporum conidial germination rate and fungal growth compared with the other two treatments”
e2“High Fe and B treatment significantly reduced the disease index and facilitated plants growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
High iron and boron decreased pathogen numbers on infected plants.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Treatment
- High Fe and B treatmente1
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporumFusarium oxysporume1pathogene0
- Outcome
- numbers of the pathogen on infected plantse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“contributing to decreased numbers of the pathogen on infected plants”
t0“banana”
e1“High Fe and B treatment dramatically reduced the Fusarium oxysporum conidial germination rate and fungal growth compared with the other two treatments”
e2“High Fe and B treatment significantly reduced the disease index and facilitated plants growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
High iron and boron decreased fusaric acid production by F. oxysporum in vitro.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Treatment
- High Fe and B treatmente0
- Interactor
- F. oxysporumFusarium oxysporume0pathogen
- Outcome
- fusaric acid production of F. oxysporume0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Setting
- in vitroe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High Fe and B treatment decreased the fusaric acid production of F. oxysporum in vitro”
t0“banana”
e1“High Fe and B treatment dramatically reduced the Fusarium oxysporum conidial germination rate and fungal growth compared with the other two treatments”
e2“High Fe and B treatment significantly reduced the disease index and facilitated plants growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
High iron and boron increased mannitol content of banana plants.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Treatment
- High Fe and B treatmente1
- Outcome
- mannitol content of the plantse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“also increased the mannitol content of the plants”
t0“banana”
e1“High Fe and B treatment dramatically reduced the Fusarium oxysporum conidial germination rate and fungal growth compared with the other two treatments”
e2“High Fe and B treatment significantly reduced the disease index and facilitated plants growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased plant mannitol was linked to decreased phytotoxin production and disease index.
Verbatim
e0“which in turn decreased the phytotoxin production of infected plants and finally reduced the disease index due to the virulence factor of phytotoxin”
t0“banana”
e1“High Fe and B treatment dramatically reduced the Fusarium oxysporum conidial germination rate and fungal growth compared with the other two treatments”
e2“High Fe and B treatment significantly reduced the disease index and facilitated plants growth.”
The same questions in other papers
iron atom · growth · MusaResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
boron atom · molecular: metabolites · MusaResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
boron atom · growth · MusaResults agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.