Abstract
In order to study bio fertilizers and zinc effects on some physiological parameters of triticale under a water-limitation condition, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2014 and 2015. Experimental factors consisted of three irrigation treatments [normal irrigation (W0); moderate water limitation (W1) and severe water limitation (W2)]; four bio fertilizers' levels [(no bio fertilizer (F0), application of mycorrhiza (F1), plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (F2) and both application PGPR and mycorrhiza (F3)] and four nano zinc oxide levels [(without nano zinc oxide (Zn0) as control, application of 0.3 (Zn1), 0.6 (Zn2) and 0.9 (Zn3) g L−1)]. Results showed that water limitation decreased chlorophyll content, relative water content, stomatal conductance, quantum yield and grain yield of triticale, whereas electrical conductivity and the activity of catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO, EC 1.14.18.1) enzymes were increased. Inoculation of plants with bio fertilizers and zinc application improved these traits (except electrical conductivity) under water-limitation condition as well as normal irrigation. Based on the results, it was concluded that bio fertilizers and nano zinc oxide application can be recommended for profitable triticale production under water-limitation condition.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Water limitation decreased chlorophyll, relative water content, stomatal conductance and quantum yield.
- Taxon
- triticale
×Triticosecalee0 - Treatment
- water limitatione0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content, relative water content, stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- normal irrigatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water limitation decreased chlorophyll content, relative water content, stomatal conductance, quantum yield and grain yield of triticale”
e1“water limitation decreased chlorophyll content, relative water content, stomatal conductance, quantum yield and grain yield of triticale”
e2“normal irrigation (W0)”
e3“water limitation decreased chlorophyll content, relative water content, stomatal conductance, quantum yield and grain yield of triticale”
e4“no bio fertilizer (F0)”
e5“without nano zinc oxide (Zn0) as control”
Claim · model-written summary
Water limitation decreased triticale grain yield.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalee0
- Treatment
- water limitatione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- normal irrigatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water limitation decreased chlorophyll content, relative water content, stomatal conductance, quantum yield and grain yield of triticale”
e1“water limitation decreased chlorophyll content, relative water content, stomatal conductance, quantum yield and grain yield of triticale”
e2“normal irrigation (W0)”
e3“water limitation decreased chlorophyll content, relative water content, stomatal conductance, quantum yield and grain yield of triticale”
e4“no bio fertilizer (F0)”
e5“without nano zinc oxide (Zn0) as control”
Claim · model-written summary
Water limitation increased electrical conductivity and activities of CAT, POD and PPO.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalee3
- Treatment
- water limitatione3
- Outcome
- electrical conductivitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- normal irrigatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“electrical conductivity and the activity of catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO, EC 1.14.18.1) enzymes were increased”
e1“electrical conductivity and the activity of catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO, EC 1.14.18.1) enzymes were increased”
e2“normal irrigation (W0)”
e3“water limitation decreased chlorophyll content, relative water content, stomatal conductance, quantum yield and grain yield of triticale”
e4“no bio fertilizer (F0)”
e5“without nano zinc oxide (Zn0) as control”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizers improved the measured traits except electrical conductivity under limited and normal irrigation.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalee3
- Treatment
- Inoculation of plants with bio fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- these traitse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- except electrical conductivitye0
- Comparator
- no bio fertilizere4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of plants with bio fertilizers and zinc application improved these traits (except electrical conductivity) under water-limitation condition as well as normal irrigation.”
e1“Inoculation of plants with bio fertilizers and zinc application improved these traits (except electrical conductivity) under water-limitation condition as well as normal irrigation.”
e2“normal irrigation (W0)”
e3“water limitation decreased chlorophyll content, relative water content, stomatal conductance, quantum yield and grain yield of triticale”
e4“no bio fertilizer (F0)”
e5“without nano zinc oxide (Zn0) as control”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc application improved the measured traits except electrical conductivity under limited and normal irrigation.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalee3
- Treatment
- zinc applicatione0
- Outcome
- these traitse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- without nano zinc oxidee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of plants with bio fertilizers and zinc application improved these traits (except electrical conductivity) under water-limitation condition as well as normal irrigation.”
e1“Inoculation of plants with bio fertilizers and zinc application improved these traits (except electrical conductivity) under water-limitation condition as well as normal irrigation.”
e2“normal irrigation (W0)”
e3“water limitation decreased chlorophyll content, relative water content, stomatal conductance, quantum yield and grain yield of triticale”
e4“no bio fertilizer (F0)”
e5“without nano zinc oxide (Zn0) as control”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend biofertilizers and nano zinc oxide for profitable triticale production under water limitation.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalee0
- Treatment
- bio fertilizers and nano zinc oxide applicatione0
- Outcome
- profitable triticale productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bio fertilizers and nano zinc oxide application can be recommended for profitable triticale production under water-limitation condition”
e1“bio fertilizers and nano zinc oxide application can be recommended for profitable triticale production under water-limitation condition”
e2“normal irrigation (W0)”
e3“water limitation decreased chlorophyll content, relative water content, stomatal conductance, quantum yield and grain yield of triticale”
e4“no bio fertilizer (F0)”
e5“without nano zinc oxide (Zn0) as control”
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