Abstract
While the importance of cell type specificity in plant adaptive responses is widely accepted, only a limited number of studies have addressed this issue at the functional level. We have combined electrophysiological, imaging, and biochemical techniques to reveal the physiological mechanisms conferring higher sensitivity of apical root cells to salinity in barley (Hordeum vulgare). We show that salinity application to the root apex arrests root growth in a highly tissue- and treatment-specific manner. Although salinity-induced transient net Na+ uptake was about 4-fold higher in the root apex compared with the mature zone, mature root cells accumulated more cytosolic and vacuolar Na+, suggesting that the higher sensitivity of apical cells to salt is not related to either enhanced Na+ exclusion or sequestration inside the root. Rather, the above differential sensitivity between the two zones originates from a 10-fold difference in K+ efflux between the mature zone and the apical region (much poorer in the root apex) of the root. Major factors contributing to this poor K+ retention ability are (1) an intrinsically lower H+-ATPase activity in the root apex, (2) greater salt-induced membrane depolarization, and (3) a higher reactive oxygen species production under NaCl and a larger density of reactive oxygen species-activated cation currents in the apex. Salinity treatment increased (2- to 5-fold) the content of 10 (out of 25 detected) amino acids in the root apex but not in the mature zone and changed the organic acid and sugar contents. The causal link between the observed changes in the root metabolic profile and the regulation of transporter activity is discussed.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity applied to the root apex arrests root growth in a tissue- and treatment-specific manner.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret1 - Organ / stage
- root apexe1
- Treatment
- salinity application to the root apexe1
- Outcome
- root growthe1
- Direction
- arrestse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“salinity application to the root apex arrests root growth in a highly tissue- and treatment-specific manner”
t1“Acclimation of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) to Salinity Stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity-induced transient net Na+ uptake was about 4-fold higher in the root apex than in the mature zone.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret1
- Organ / stage
- root apexe2
- Treatment
- salinitye2
- Outcome
- transient net Na+ uptakee2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 4-folde2
- Comparator
- mature zonee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“salinity-induced transient net Na+ uptake was about 4-fold higher in the root apex compared with the mature zone”
t1“Acclimation of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) to Salinity Stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Mature root cells accumulated more cytosolic and vacuolar Na+.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret1
- Organ / stage
- mature root cellse3
- Outcome
- cytosolic and vacuolar Na+e3
- Direction
- accumulated moree3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“mature root cells accumulated more cytosolic and vacuolar Na+”
t1“Acclimation of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) to Salinity Stress”
Claim · model-written summary
The higher sensitivity of apical root cells to salt is not related to enhanced Na+ exclusion or sequestration.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret1
- Outcome
- higher sensitivity of apical cells to salte4
- Qualifier
- not related to either enhanced Na+ exclusion or sequestration inside the roote4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“the higher sensitivity of apical cells to salt is not related to either enhanced Na+ exclusion or sequestration inside the root”
t1“Acclimation of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) to Salinity Stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Root apex K+ efflux is about 10-fold higher than in the mature zone, with poorer K+ retention in the apex.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret1
- Organ / stage
- apical regione5
- Outcome
- K+ effluxe5
- Direction
- poorere5
- Value
- 10-folde5
- Comparator
- mature zonee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“a 10-fold difference in K+ efflux between the mature zone and the apical region (much poorer in the root apex)”
t1“Acclimation of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) to Salinity Stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Poor K+ retention in the root apex is partly explained by intrinsically lower H+-ATPase activity there.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret1
- Organ / stage
- root apexe6
- Gene
- H+-ATPasee6
- Outcome
- poor K+ retention abilitye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Major factors contributing to this poor K+ retention ability are (1) an intrinsically lower H+-ATPase activity in the root apex, (2) greater salt-induced membrane depolarization, and (3) a higher reactive oxygen species production under NaCl and a larger density of reactive oxygen species-activated cation currents in the apex”
t1“Acclimation of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) to Salinity Stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater salt-induced membrane depolarization contributes to poor K+ retention in barley roots.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret1
- Outcome
- poor K+ retention abilitye6
- Qualifier
- greater salt-induced membrane depolarizatione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Major factors contributing to this poor K+ retention ability are (1) an intrinsically lower H+-ATPase activity in the root apex, (2) greater salt-induced membrane depolarization, and (3) a higher reactive oxygen species production under NaCl and a larger density of reactive oxygen species-activated cation currents in the apex”
t1“Acclimation of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) to Salinity Stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher reactive oxygen species production under NaCl contributes to poor K+ retention in barley roots.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret1
- Compound
- reactive oxygen speciese6
- Outcome
- poor K+ retention abilitye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Major factors contributing to this poor K+ retention ability are (1) an intrinsically lower H+-ATPase activity in the root apex, (2) greater salt-induced membrane depolarization, and (3) a higher reactive oxygen species production under NaCl and a larger density of reactive oxygen species-activated cation currents in the apex”
t1“Acclimation of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) to Salinity Stress”
Claim · model-written summary
The root apex has a larger density of reactive oxygen species-activated cation currents.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret1
- Organ / stage
- apexe6
- Outcome
- density of reactive oxygen species-activated cation currentse6
- Direction
- largere6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Major factors contributing to this poor K+ retention ability are (1) an intrinsically lower H+-ATPase activity in the root apex, (2) greater salt-induced membrane depolarization, and (3) a higher reactive oxygen species production under NaCl and a larger density of reactive oxygen species-activated cation currents in the apex”
t1“Acclimation of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) to Salinity Stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased by 2- to 5-fold the content of 10 of 25 detected amino acids in the root apex but not in the mature zone.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret1
- Organ / stage
- root apexe7
- Treatment
- Salinity treatmente7
- Outcome
- content of 10 (out of 25 detected) amino acidse7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Value
- 2- to 5-folde7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Salinity treatment increased (2- to 5-fold) the content of 10 (out of 25 detected) amino acids in the root apex but not in the mature zone”
t1“Acclimation of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) to Salinity Stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity treatment changed the organic acid and sugar contents of barley roots.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret1
- Treatment
- Salinity treatmente7
- Outcome
- organic acid and sugar contentse0
- Direction
- changede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Salinity treatment increased (2- to 5-fold) the content of 10 (out of 25 detected) amino acids in the root apex but not in the mature zone”
e0“changed the organic acid and sugar contents”
t1“Acclimation of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) to Salinity Stress”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · growth · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
88 papers in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
99 papers more in this group
See all 103 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.