Abstract
Phytoextraction is a remediation strategy, which employs plants to remove heavy metals and other contaminants from the soil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of the cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis) to grow under cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) stress and accumulate them in tissues. Pot trials were carried out under controlled environment conditions and were exposed to As (0-13 mM), Cd (0-13 mM) and As+Cd (0-13 mM + 0-13 mM) up to 60 days. In cardoon, the biomass production and Cd and As concentrations were determined in 4 different stages of the biological cycle in different parts of plant. Under Cd treatment, the Cd concentration decreased in the roots while increased in the leaves over the time. After 15 days of treatment, the plants treated with As, showed a several reduction in the production of biomass. The growth is inhibited at high doses of this element and the plants died. The results show a rapid uptake of arsenic by the roots and its accumulation in the aerial parts of the plant. The As concentration in cardoon tissues increased with increasing As concentration. In the combined Cd and As treatments the plants improved resistance to As and Cd. The presence of Cd increased the ability of cardoon to translocate As from the root to the shoot. Also cardoon in Cd+As treatment was more tolerance to As (up to 45 days) compared to As alone and increased its ability to phytoextraction.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Arsenic treatment reduced biomass production of cardoon after 15 days.
- Taxon
- Cynara cardunculus
Cynara cardunculust0 - Treatment
- Ase0
- Outcome
- production of biomasse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- After 15 days of treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cynara cardunculusL.”
e0“After 15 days of treatment, the plants treated with As, showed a several reduction in the production of biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
High doses of As inhibited growth of cardoon.
- Taxon
- Cynara cardunculusCynara cardunculust0
- Treatment
- high doses of this elemente1
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cynara cardunculusL.”
e1“The growth is inhibited at high doses of this element and the plants died”
Claim · model-written summary
High doses of As caused cardoon plants to die.
- Taxon
- Cynara cardunculusCynara cardunculust0
- Treatment
- high doses of this elemente1
- Outcome
- plants diede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cynara cardunculusL.”
e1“The growth is inhibited at high doses of this element and the plants died”
Claim · model-written summary
Cardoon rapidly took up arsenic by its roots.
- Taxon
- Cynara cardunculusCynara cardunculust0
- Organ / stage
- rootse2
- Treatment
- arsenice2
- Outcome
- uptake of arsenic by the rootse2
- Qualifier
- rapide2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cynara cardunculusL.”
e2“The results show a rapid uptake of arsenic by the roots and its accumulation in the aerial parts of the plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Arsenic accumulated in the aerial parts of cardoon.
- Taxon
- Cynara cardunculusCynara cardunculust0
- Organ / stage
- aerial partse2
- Treatment
- arsenice2
- Outcome
- accumulation in the aerial partse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cynara cardunculusL.”
e2“The results show a rapid uptake of arsenic by the roots and its accumulation in the aerial parts of the plant”
Claim · model-written summary
As concentration in cardoon tissues increased with increasing As concentration.
- Taxon
- cardoonCynara cardunculuse3
- Treatment
- increasing As concentratione3
- Outcome
- As concentratione3
- Direction
- increasede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The As concentration in cardoon tissues increased with increasing As concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd treatment decreased Cd concentration in cardoon roots over time.
- Taxon
- Cynara cardunculusCynara cardunculust0
- Organ / stage
- rootse4
- Treatment
- Cd treatmente4
- Outcome
- Cd concentratione4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Qualifier
- over the timee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cynara cardunculusL.”
e4“Under Cd treatment, the Cd concentration decreased in the roots while increased in the leaves over the time”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd treatment increased Cd concentration in cardoon leaves over time.
- Taxon
- Cynara cardunculusCynara cardunculust0
- Organ / stage
- leavese4
- Treatment
- Cd treatmente4
- Outcome
- Cd concentratione4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Qualifier
- over the timee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cynara cardunculusL.”
e4“Under Cd treatment, the Cd concentration decreased in the roots while increased in the leaves over the time”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Cd and As treatments improved cardoon resistance to As and Cd.
- Taxon
- Cynara cardunculusCynara cardunculust0
- Treatment
- combined Cd and As treatmentse5
- Outcome
- resistance to As and Cde5
- Direction
- improvede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cynara cardunculusL.”
e5“In the combined Cd and As treatments the plants improved resistance to As and Cd”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd presence increased the ability of cardoon to translocate As from root to shoot.
- Taxon
- cardoonCynara cardunculuse6
- Treatment
- presence of Cde6
- Outcome
- translocate As from the root to the shoote6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cynara cardunculusL.”
e6“The presence of Cd increased the ability of cardoon to translocate As from the root to the shoot”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd+As treatment made cardoon more tolerant to As than As alone, up to 45 days.
- Taxon
- cardoonCynara cardunculuse7
- Treatment
- Cd+As treatmente7
- Outcome
- tolerance to Ase7
- Direction
- moree7
- Qualifier
- up to 45 dayse7
- Comparator
- As alonee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cynara cardunculusL.”
e7“Also cardoon in Cd+As treatment was more tolerance to As (up to 45 days) compared to As alone and increased its ability to phytoextraction”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd+As treatment increased the ability of cardoon to phytoextraction.
- Taxon
- cardoonCynara cardunculuse7
- Treatment
- Cd+As treatmente7
- Outcome
- ability to phytoextractione7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cynara cardunculusL.”
e7“Also cardoon in Cd+As treatment was more tolerance to As (up to 45 days) compared to As alone and increased its ability to phytoextraction”
The same questions in other papers
arsenic atom · yield · Cynara cardunculus (cardoon)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
cadmium atom · disease · Cynara cardunculus (cardoon)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
arsenic atom · disease · Cynara cardunculus (cardoon)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
cadmium atom · nutrient: content · Cynara cardunculus (cardoon)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.