Abstract
Triazole compounds are known as plant protectant against environmental stresses, we examined the relative effects of triazole compounds on growth, antioxidant enzymes activities and nutrients acquisition in budded Kinnow (Citrus nobilis x C. deliciosa) plants under NaCl stress. One and half-year-old Kinnow plants budded on Jatti khatti (Citrus jambhiri Lush) were irrigated with 0 or 50 mM NaCl with or without triazole compounds. Paclobutrazol (PBZ) at 100 mg l -1 and triazole (TRZ), triadimefon (TDM) and hexaconazole (HEX) at 20 mg l -1 each were soil drenched one week prior to NaCl treatment. Compared to Kinnow plants grown in normal growth condition, NaCl stress depressed plant height, numbers of leaves, leaf area, LWR, roots growth, fresh and dry weight of shoot and roots, and reduced membrane stability index (MSI) and relative water content (RWC). Salinity also decreased K + /Na + and K + /Cl ratios and restricted the accumulation of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ in both leaves and roots tissues. Most of NaCl damage symptoms were alleviated by the triazoles. Among different triazole compounds, plants treated with TRZ had higher fresh weight of shoot (1.5fold) and roots (1.6-fold) and dry weight of shoot (1.3-fold) under salinised condition. This treatment also increased maximum height and leaves under saline condition. Furthermore, leaf area was reduced by triazole treatments, while leaf weight ratio increased under both conditions. The maximum improvement in LWR was found in PBZ treated plants (1.4 fold) in the presence of NaCl. Application of PBZ increased maximum MSI (1.2 fold) and RWC (1.1-fold) in the salinised plants. Triazole compounds upregulated antioxidant enzymes activity and enhanced proline content. The improvement in catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were greater in TRZ treated plants under stress, but peroxidase (POX) activity and leaf proline content were increased more in TDM treated plants. Triazole compounds also increased K + and Ca 2+ ions accumulation and restricted accumulation of Na + and Cl and hence improved K + /Na + and K + /Cl ratios. For PBZ treated plants, K + /Na + and K + /Cl ratios in leaf tissues increased maximum (2.4 and 2.1-folds) as compared to plants treated with NaCl only, while HEX had more striking effect on Ca 2+ upregulation Among different triazole compounds, PBZ and TRZ seem to be more effective in protecting Kinnow plants budded on Jatti khatti under NaCl stress.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress reduced Kinnow height, leaf number and leaf area.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to Kinnow plants grown in normal growth condition, NaCl stress depressed plant height, numbers of leaves, leaf area, LWR, roots growth, fresh and dry weight of shoot and roots, and reduced membrane stability index (MSI) and relative water content (RWC).”
t0“Kinnow”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress reduced Kinnow leaf weight ratio, root growth and shoot and root mass.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to Kinnow plants grown in normal growth condition, NaCl stress depressed plant height, numbers of leaves, leaf area, LWR, roots growth, fresh and dry weight of shoot and roots, and reduced membrane stability index (MSI) and relative water content (RWC).”
t0“Kinnow”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress reduced membrane stability and relative water content in Kinnow.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to Kinnow plants grown in normal growth condition, NaCl stress depressed plant height, numbers of leaves, leaf area, LWR, roots growth, fresh and dry weight of shoot and roots, and reduced membrane stability index (MSI) and relative water content (RWC).”
t0“Kinnow”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased Kinnow potassium to sodium and potassium to chloride ratios.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Salinity also decreased K + /Na + and K + /Cl ratios and restricted the accumulation of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ in both leaves and roots tissues.”
t0“Kinnow”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity restricted calcium and magnesium accumulation in Kinnow leaves and roots.
- Taxon
- Kinnowt0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and roots tissuese0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- accumulation of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+e0
- Direction
- restrictede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Salinity also decreased K + /Na + and K + /Cl ratios and restricted the accumulation of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ in both leaves and roots tissues.”
t0“Kinnow”
Claim · model-written summary
Triazoles alleviated most visible NaCl injury in Kinnow.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Most of NaCl damage symptoms were alleviated by the triazoles.”
t0“Kinnow”
Claim · model-written summary
TRZ increased fresh shoot weight under salt stress by 1.5 fold.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“plants treated with TRZ had higher fresh weight of shoot (1.5fold) and roots (1.6-fold) and dry weight of shoot (1.3-fold) under salinised condition.”
t0“Kinnow”
Claim · model-written summary
TRZ increased fresh root weight under salt stress by 1.6 fold.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“plants treated with TRZ had higher fresh weight of shoot (1.5fold) and roots (1.6-fold) and dry weight of shoot (1.3-fold) under salinised condition.”
t0“Kinnow”
Claim · model-written summary
TRZ increased dry shoot weight under salt stress by 1.3 fold.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“plants treated with TRZ had higher fresh weight of shoot (1.5fold) and roots (1.6-fold) and dry weight of shoot (1.3-fold) under salinised condition.”
t0“Kinnow”
Claim · model-written summary
TRZ gave the greatest plant height and leaf number under saline conditions.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Among different triazole compounds, plants treated with TRZ had higher fresh weight of shoot (1.5fold) and roots (1.6-fold) and dry weight of shoot (1.3-fold) under salinised condition. This treatment also increased maximum height and leaves under saline condition.”
t0“Kinnow”
Claim · model-written summary
Triazoles reduced leaf area while raising leaf weight ratio in both saline and normal conditions.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, leaf area was reduced by triazole treatments, while leaf weight ratio increased under both conditions.”
t0“Kinnow”
Claim · model-written summary
PBZ produced the greatest leaf weight ratio gain under salt stress, at 1.4 fold.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The maximum improvement in LWR was found in PBZ treated plants (1.4 fold) in the presence of NaCl.”
t0“Kinnow”
Claim · model-written summary
PBZ increased membrane stability in salinized Kinnow by 1.2 fold.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Application of PBZ increased maximum MSI (1.2 fold) and RWC (1.1-fold) in the salinised plants.”
t0“Kinnow”
Claim · model-written summary
PBZ increased relative water content in salinized Kinnow by 1.1 fold.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Application of PBZ increased maximum MSI (1.2 fold) and RWC (1.1-fold) in the salinised plants.”
t0“Kinnow”
Claim · model-written summary
Triazoles increased antioxidant enzyme activity and proline content.
- Taxon
- Kinnowt0
- Treatment
- Triazole compoundse0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymes activitye0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Triazole compounds upregulated antioxidant enzymes activity and enhanced proline content.”
t0“Kinnow”
Claim · model-written summary
TRZ gave greater catalase and superoxide dismutase activity under stress, while TDM gave greater peroxidase and proline responses.
- Taxon
- Kinnowt0
- Treatment
- TRZe0
- Outcome
- catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activitiese0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The improvement in catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were greater in TRZ treated plants under stress, but peroxidase (POX) activity and leaf proline content were increased more in TDM treated plants.”
t0“Kinnow”
Claim · model-written summary
Triazoles increased potassium and calcium, reduced sodium and chloride, and improved ion ratios.
- Taxon
- Kinnowt0
- Treatment
- Triazole compoundse0
- Outcome
- K + and Ca 2+ ions accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Triazole compounds also increased K + and Ca 2+ ions accumulation and restricted accumulation of Na + and Cl and hence improved K + /Na + and K + /Cl ratios.”
t0“Kinnow”
Claim · model-written summary
PBZ increased leaf potassium to sodium ratio by 2.4 fold relative to NaCl alone.
Verbatim
e0“For PBZ treated plants, K + /Na + and K + /Cl ratios in leaf tissues increased maximum (2.4 and 2.1-folds) as compared to plants treated with NaCl only, while HEX had more striking effect on Ca 2+ upregulation”
t0“Kinnow”
Claim · model-written summary
PBZ increased leaf potassium to chloride ratio by 2.1 fold relative to NaCl alone.
Verbatim
e0“For PBZ treated plants, K + /Na + and K + /Cl ratios in leaf tissues increased maximum (2.4 and 2.1-folds) as compared to plants treated with NaCl only, while HEX had more striking effect on Ca 2+ upregulation”
t0“Kinnow”
Claim · model-written summary
HEX had the strongest calcium upregulation among triazoles.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“HEX had more striking effect on Ca 2+ upregulation”
t0“Kinnow”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.