Abstract
Multiple phytohormones, including auxin, ethylene, and cytokinin, play vital roles in regulating cell development in the root epidermis. However, their interactions in specific root hair cell developmental stages are largely unexplored. To bridge this gap, we employed genetic and pharmacological approaches as well as transcriptional analysis in order to dissect their distinct and overlapping roles in root hair initiation and elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana Our results show that among auxin, ethylene, and cytokinin, only ethylene induces ectopic root hair cells in wild-type plants, implying a special role of ethylene in the hair initiation stage. In the subsequent elongation stage, however, auxin, ethylene, and cytokinin enhance root hair tip growth equally. Our data also suggest that the effect of cytokinin is independent from auxin and ethylene in this process. Exogenous cytokinin restores root hair elongation when the auxin and ethylene signal is defective, whereas auxin and ethylene also sustain elongation in the absence of the cytokinin signal. Notably, transcriptional analyses demonstrated that auxin, ethylene, and cytokinin regulate a similar set of root hair-specific genes. Together these analyses provide important clues regarding the mechanism of hormonal interactions and regulation in the formation of single-cell structures.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Only ethylene among the three hormones induced ectopic root hair cells.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Treatment
- ethylenee0
- Outcome
- ectopic root hair cellse0
- Comparator
- auxin, ethylene, and cytokinine0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“among auxin, ethylene, and cytokinin, only ethylene induces ectopic root hair cells in wild-type plants”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin, ethylene, and cytokinin equally enhanced root hair tip growth.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- auxin, ethylene, and cytokinine0
- Outcome
- root hair tip growthe0
- Direction
- enhancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“auxin, ethylene, and cytokinin enhance root hair tip growth equally”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous cytokinin restored root hair elongation with defective auxin and ethylene signaling.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- Exogenous cytokinine0
- Outcome
- root hair elongatione0
- Direction
- restorese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous cytokinin restores root hair elongation when the auxin and ethylene signal is defective”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin and ethylene sustained elongation without cytokinin signaling.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- elongatione0
- Direction
- sustaine0
- Qualifier
- in the absence of the cytokinin signale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“auxin and ethylene also sustain elongation in the absence of the cytokinin signal”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The three hormones regulated a similar set of root hair-specific genes.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- a similar set of root hair-specific genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“auxin, ethylene, and cytokinin regulate a similar set of root hair-specific genes”
t0“Arabidopsis”
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