Abstract
Diverse mechanisms are involved in the suppression of plant pathogens, which is often indirectly connected with plant growth. Plant growth promoting microorganisms (PGPM) and biological control agents (BCA) are shown to possess secondary beneficial effects that would increase their usefulness as bio-inoculants, regardless of the need for their primary function. Indeed, PGPM, such as Rhizobium spp., can promote plant growth and productivity (primary effect) but have now been shown to also play a role in reducing disease (secondary effect). Conversely, BCA, such as Trichoderma spp. and Pseudomonas spp., can control disease (primary effect) but have recently demonstrated stimulation of plant growth (secondary effect) in the absence of a pathogen. Based on these beneficial plant–microbe interactions, it is possible to develop microbial inoculants for use in agriculture. Dependent on their mode of action and effects, these products can be used as bio fertilizers, plant strengtheners, phytostimulators, and biopesticides. The use of microorganisms and the exploitation of beneficial plant–microbe interactions offer promising and environmentally friendly strategies for conventional and organic agriculture worldwide. Widely studied and most promising antagonists are Trichoderma harzianum (TH), Pseudomonas flourescens (PF), Rhizobium (Rh) and Bacillus subtilis (BS) have been evaluated in our study for plant health management of pigeonpea in different combinations to make consortia. T 1 (TH+PF), T2 (TH+BS), T3 (TH + Rh), T4 (PF+BS), T5 (PF+ Rh), T6 ( Rh+BS) and T7 (TH+PF+ BS + R). These were inoculated by soil application under green house conditions and in reducing the activity of majority soil borne pathogens. Results in this study indicating that the consortia having PGPR (T5, T4 and T3) performed well in the seedling vigor improvement in pigeonpea. Highest fresh weight of plants at 15 and 30 DAS was recorded in treatments T5 (PF+ Rh), (1.480 g) and T4 (PF+BS) (1.323 g). Whereas Treatments T7 (TH+PF+BS+Rh) (86 %), T2 (TH+BS) (82 %) and T5 (PF+Rh) (77 %) have shown remarkable disease reduction. These results are showing role of biological consortia to play in integrated disease management and plant health management of pigeonpea.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Consortia T5, T4 and T3 improved pigeonpea seedling vigor.
- Taxon
- pigeonpea
Cajanus cajane0 - Treatment
- T5, T4 and T3e0
- Outcome
- seedling vigore0
- Direction
- improvemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“consortia having PGPR (T5, T4 and T3) performed well in the seedling vigor improvement in pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
T5 produced 1.480 g fresh plant weight at 15 and 30 days after sowing.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane1
- Treatment
- T5 (PF+ Rh)e0
- Outcome
- fresh weight of plantse0
- Direction
- Higheste0
- Value
- 1.480 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest fresh weight of plants at 15 and 30 DAS was recorded in treatments T5 (PF+ Rh), (1.480 g) and T4 (PF+BS) (1.323 g)”
e1“seedling vigor improvement in pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 produced 1.323 g fresh plant weight at 15 and 30 days after sowing.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane1
- Treatment
- T4 (PF+BS)e0
- Outcome
- fresh weight of plantse0
- Direction
- Higheste0
- Value
- 1.323 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest fresh weight of plants at 15 and 30 DAS was recorded in treatments T5 (PF+ Rh), (1.480 g) and T4 (PF+BS) (1.323 g)”
e1“seedling vigor improvement in pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
T7 reduced disease by 86%.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane1
- Treatment
- T7 (TH+PF+BS+Rh)e0
- Outcome
- disease reductione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 86 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments T7 (TH+PF+BS+Rh) (86 %), T2 (TH+BS) (82 %) and T5 (PF+Rh) (77 %) have shown remarkable disease reduction”
e1“seedling vigor improvement in pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
T2 reduced disease by 82%.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane1
- Treatment
- T2 (TH+BS)e0
- Outcome
- disease reductione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 82 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments T7 (TH+PF+BS+Rh) (86 %), T2 (TH+BS) (82 %) and T5 (PF+Rh) (77 %) have shown remarkable disease reduction”
e1“seedling vigor improvement in pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
T5 reduced disease by 77%.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane1
- Treatment
- T5 (PF+Rh)e0
- Outcome
- disease reductione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 77 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments T7 (TH+PF+BS+Rh) (86 %), T2 (TH+BS) (82 %) and T5 (PF+Rh) (77 %) have shown remarkable disease reduction”
e1“seedling vigor improvement in pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors endorse biological consortia in integrated pigeonpea disease and health management.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Outcome
- integrated disease management and plant health managemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“role of biological consortia to play in integrated disease management and plant health management of pigeonpea”
The same questions in other papers
Trichoderma harzianum · control · Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Pseudomonas · control · Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Bacillus subtilis · control · Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Bacillus subtilis · growth · Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Pseudomonas · growth · Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →humidity · growth · Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
humidity · control · Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.